{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:52:34Z","timestamp":1787237554109,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effect of training with a high\u2010fidelity surgical simulator on outcomes of live animals and students participating in a feline ovariohysterectomy teaching laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Nonrandomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Sample population<\/jats:title>\n \n Cats (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =\u2009186) and students (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =\u2009146).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Live animals were paired with student surgeons. Outcomes for animals and students were evaluated over two consecutive years before (year 1: NO SIM) and after (year 2: SIM) the introduction of a graded student teaching laboratory conducted on a high fidelity surgical simulator. Live animal surgical times and postoperative pain scores using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale \u2013 Feline acute pain scale as well as self\u2010declared student confidence were assessed and the scores of the two groups were compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The duration of the live animal surgical procedure was on average 6\u2009min shorter in the SIM group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04). A pain score triggering intervention (>\u2009=\u20095\/20) occurred less frequently in the SIM group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091\/82) than in the NO\u2010SIM (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200916\/104) group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01). Similarly, rescue analgesia was administered less frequently (4\/82 vs 16\/104,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03) in the SIM group. Student confidence prior to the live animal procedure was higher (median\u2009=\u20097\/10 [IQR\u2009=\u20096\u20138]) in the SIM group than in the NO\u2010SIM group (median\u2009=\u20096\/10 [IQR\u2009=\u20094\u20137]) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Surgical simulator training prior to live animal procedures improves live animal outcomes and student confidence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n Surgical simulator competency should be considered a prerequisite to participation in live animal teaching laboratories. This would improve both animal welfare and the student experience.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:46:02Z","timestamp":1698885962000},"page":"1123-1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of surgical simulator training on student and live animal outcomes in a feline ovariohysterectomy teaching laboratory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5930-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali M.","family":"Aly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1365-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina M.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordyn Marie","family":"Boesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4623-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Buote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Korich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York 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among undergraduate and graduate veterinary students and veterinary anesthesiologists on pain assessment in cats and dogs: a preliminary study","volume":"58","author":"Doodnaught GM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Vet J"}],"container-title":["Veterinary 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