{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:18:13Z","timestamp":1789676293595,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100026751","name":"Veterinary Orthopedic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant # PRO00034927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # PRO00034927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100026751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012651","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012651","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of a three\u2010dimensional (3D)\u2010printed, patient\u2010specific reduction system for aligning diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen client owned dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Virtual 3D models of both pelvic limbs were created. Pin guides were designed to conform to the proximal and distal tibia. A reduction bridge was designed to align the pin guides based on the guides' spatial location. Guides were 3D printed, sterilized, and applied, in conjunction with transient application of a circular fixator, to facilitate indirect fracture realignment before plate application. Alignment of the stabilized tibiae was assessed using postoperative computed tomography scans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean duration required for virtual planning was 2.5\u2009h and a mean of 50.7\u2009h elapsed between presentation and surgery. Guide placement was accurate with minor median discrepancies in translation and frontal, sagittal, and axial plane positioning of 2.9\u2009mm, 3.6\u00b0, 2.7\u00b0, and 6.8\u00b0, respectively. Application of the reduction system restored mean tibial length and frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment within 1.7\u2009mm, 1.9\u00b0, 1.7\u00b0, and 4.5\u00b0, respectively, of the contralateral tibia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Design and fabrication of a 3D\u2010printed, patient\u2010specific fracture reduction system is feasible in a relevant clinical timeline. Intraoperative pin\u2010guide placement was reasonably accurate with minor discrepancies compared to the virtual plan. Custom 3D\u2010printed reduction system application facilitated near\u2010anatomic or acceptable fracture reduction in all dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Virtual planning and fabrication of a 3D\u2010printing patient\u2010specific fracture reduction system is practical and facilitated acceptable, if not near\u2010anatomic, fracture alignment during MIPO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T04:50:04Z","timestamp":1717822204000},"page":"1039-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of virtual surgical planning and a three\u2010dimensional\u2010printed, patient\u2010specific reduction system to facilitate alignment of diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in dogs: A prospective clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Logan M.","family":"Scheuermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and the Jeff and Jo Godwin Advanced Small Animal Surgical Training Center and Canine Gait Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and the Jeff and Jo Godwin Advanced Small Animal Surgical Training Center and Canine Gait Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and the Jeff and Jo Godwin Advanced Small Animal Surgical Training Center and Canine Gait Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam H.","family":"Biedrzycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley E.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and the Jeff and Jo Godwin Advanced Small Animal Surgical Training Center and Canine Gait Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida 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