{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:12:43Z","timestamp":1771632763517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to determine if a three\u2010dimensional (3D)\u2010printed instrument technique would improve lavage removal of plastic beads (guttural pouch [GP] chondroid mimics) through a dorsal pharyngeal recess (DPR) fenestration. We hypothesized that using a 3D\u2010printed instrument placed through the DPR fenestration would remove more beads, reduce lavage time and incur less soft tissue damage than using a lavage tube control or instrument placement through the salpingopharyngeal ostium (SPO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental cadaveric study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 30 cadaveric equine heads.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>DPR fenestration was performed using transendoscopic laser and 50 plastic 12\u2009mm beads were placed into one GP of horse heads. Four removal procedures using a 3D\u2010printed instrument or lavage tube control placed through the DPR fenestration or the SPO were compared. Number of beads removed and number of 2\u2010min lavage cycles to recover \u226596% of beads or three consecutive no\u2010yield cycles were recorded. Endoscopic soft tissue damage was graded. Data were compared by generalized estimating equations (GEE) model and Fisher's exact test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More beads (median 48 beads; range 0\u201349) were removed faster (median 24 beads\/cycle; range 12\u201350) using the 3D\u2010printed instrument compared to control (median 6 beads; range 0\u201329, 0.66 beads\/cycle, range 0\u201349). There was no difference between total beads removed or removal speed between placement sites. There was no difference in soft tissue damage between procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our 3D\u2010printed instrument enabled efficient plastic bead removal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>DPR fenestration and use of our 3D\u2010printed instrument represents an alternative to current chondroid removal techniques, warranting investigation in clinical cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T13:11:31Z","timestamp":1721999491000},"page":"1219-1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Technique for guttural pouch bead removal using a novel three\u2010dimensional (<scp>3D)<\/scp>\u2010printed instrument"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Guillermo C.","family":"Cardona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean State Equine Associates  North Scituate Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Dahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1249-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Harold C.","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Werre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2342-1580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie H.","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia 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