{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:09:08Z","timestamp":1790888948926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the reliability of respiratory function grading (RFG) scores assigned in\u2010person and remotely via video and electronic stethoscope recordings, evaluated by novice and expert graders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven brachycephalic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs were evaluated in person by expert graders and RFG scores were assigned. Audio and video recordings were made during the in\u2010person evaluations. Four expert and four novice graders evaluated the recordings and assigned an RFG score to each dog. Agreement between in\u2010person and remote RFG scores was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic. Interobserver reliability was assessed using Fleiss\u2019 kappa statistic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median RFG score from the in\u2010person assessment was 1 (range, 0\u20133). Distribution of RFG scores included 12 grade 0 scores, 19 grade 1 scores, 25 grade 2 scores, and 1 grade 3 score.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The raw percentage agreements between remote and in\u2010person scores were 68.4%, 59.6%, 64.9%, and 61.4% for the four experts, and 52.6%, 64.9%, 50.9%, and 42.1% for the four novices. Reliability between remote and in\u2010person RFG scores was poor to moderate both for the experts (Cohen's kappa: .48, .37, .46, .41) and novices (Cohen's kappa: .28, .47, .28, .21). Interobserver reliability was moderate among the experts (Fleiss\u2019 kappa: .59) and poor among the novices (Fleiss\u2019 kappa: .39).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Remote RFG scores had poor to moderate interassessment and interobserver reliability. Novice evaluators performed worse than experts for remote or in\u2010person RFG evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Remote RFG, as measured in this study, is not reliable for assigning RFG scores. Modifications could be made to remote evaluation to improve reliability. Based upon the performance of novice evaluators, training of evaluators is justified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T06:08:06Z","timestamp":1727849286000},"page":"573-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of remote and in\u2010person respiratory function grading of brachycephalic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Zong H.","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Ladlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge, Cambridge  Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Stefaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunrise Veterinary Services  Reedsburg Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelley M.","family":"Thieman Mankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9010003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"HaidM.The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2022.https:\/\/www.akc.org\/expert\u2010advice\/dog\u2010breeds\/most\u2010popular\u2010dog\u2010breeds\u20102022\/Accessed November 10 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"The Kennel Club.Comparative tables of registrations for the years 2014\u20102023 Inclusive.https:\/\/kc-media-production.azureedge.net\/media\/tm3bsfgn\/10-yearly-breeds-stats-utility.pdf. Accessed March 17 2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"HaidM.The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2023.https:\/\/www.akc.org\/expert\u2010advice\/news\/most\u2010popular\u2010dog\u2010breeds\u20102023\/. Accessed March 31 2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-015-0023-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inpr.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"The Kennel Club.Respiratory Function Grading Scheme.https:\/\/www.thekennelclub.org.uk\/health\u2010and\u2010dog\u2010care\/health\/getting\u2010started\u2010with\u2010health\u2010testing\u2010and\u2010screening\/respiratory\u2010function\u2010grading\u2010scheme. 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