{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T20:19:38Z","timestamp":1770495578645,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the accuracy of computer\u2010assisted surgery (CAS) of equine cervical vertebrae using a purpose\u2010built cervical frame (CF) for neck stabilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental cadaveric study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six whole fresh equine cadavers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cadavers were positioned in dorsal recumbency with the neck extended within the CF. A cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT)\u2010based surgical navigation system with optical tracking was used. A ventral approach exposed cervical vertebrae C3\u2013C5. In each cadaver, 12 drill corridors were prepared with the patient tracker on the CF (position CF), followed by 12 corridors with the patient tracker on C3 (position C3). Surgical accuracy aberration (SAA) was assessed by measuring Euclidean distances between planned and executed entry and target points on merged pre\u2010 and postoperative datasets. Descriptive statistics and repeated\u2010measures analyses of variance (rep.\u2010meas. ANOVA) compared SAA measurements between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD SAA (Euclidean distance) was 2.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98\u2009mm in patient tracker position CF, and 2.41\u2009\u00b1\u20091.31\u2009mm in position C3 (rep.\u2010meas. ANOVA <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.215). At the most dorsal point of the drill corridor, dorsoventral deviations &gt;2\u2009mm occurred in 5\/72 measurements in patient tracker position CF, and in 12\/72 measurements in position C3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CF allowed for unrestricted pre\u2010 and intraoperative CBCT imaging and computer\u2010assisted drilling with a SAA in the close range of 2\u2009mm. Positioning the patient tracker on the CF, outside the surgical field, did not compromise surgical accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>A CF can facilitate CAS for surgeries with a ventral approach to the equine cervical vertebral column.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T08:16:19Z","timestamp":1747296979000},"page":"898-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Accuracy of computer\u2010assisted drilling of equine cervical vertebral bodies using a purpose\u2010built cervical frame\u2014An experimental cadaveric study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thimo","family":"Maurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Equine Surgery, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"de Preux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Equine Surgery, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Precht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Vidondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Institute for Public Health, Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4574-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Equine Surgery, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Vetsuisse\u2010Faculty, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48420-6.00053-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100038\u20101666979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119431749.ch34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010010\u20101577\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u2010950X.2007.00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100042\u20101750056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010031\u201036084\u20108_65"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Medtronic 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