{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:31:30Z","timestamp":1755225090940,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a lateral approach for axillary lymph node (ALN) extirpation and evaluate complications in dogs with local malignant tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 44 dogs diagnosed with local malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records (January 2021\u2013July 2024) were reviewed for dogs undergoing ALN removal, with or without primary tumor excision, at a single referral hospital. Surgical techniques and anatomical landmarks were described. Data collected included patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical details, and complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Axillary lymph node removal was performed successfully in 44 dogs (48 ALNs). Key anatomical landmarks included the costochondral junction of the first rib and the caudal scapular edge. Mean bodyweight was 22.9\u2009kg (range: 5.5\u201349.8\u2009kg). Average surgical time for combined ALN and tumor removal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) was 112\u2009min (range: 29\u2013220\u2009min), while ALN\u2010specific dissection time (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097; 9 ALNs) averaged 16.6\u2009min (range: 14\u201335\u2009min). No intraoperative complications, such as hemorrhage or inability to locate the LN, were observed. Postoperative complications included seromas (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), wound dehiscence (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094), discomfort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), and significant lameness (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), with a mean follow\u2010up of 147\u2009days (range: 13\u2013588\u2009days).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This lateral approach provided a reliable and reproducible method for ALN extirpation in dogs, using consistent anatomical landmarks to minimize dissection time and surgical trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This approach allows consistent ALN removal with reduced soft tissue dissection and without reliance on any intraoperative guidance techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.14297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:49:50Z","timestamp":1751438990000},"page":"1208-1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Axillary lymph node removal for staging cancer; description of a lateral approach and application in 44 tumor\u2010bearing dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Nadine","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AURA Veterinary  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Bacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AURA Veterinary  Guildford UK"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Findji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AURA Veterinary  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AURA Veterinary  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2011.00268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817698209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13537"},{"volume-title":"Miller's Anatomy of the Dog","year":"2013","author":"Evans HE","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091590103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.1996.tb00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.8.1200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1149315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02574496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.11.0518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"292","article-title":"Post\u2010mastectomy seroma: a new look into the aetiology of an old problem","volume":"40","author":"Kumar S","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2011.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.20.09.0499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.251.4.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03043-0"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vsu.14297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T04:48:55Z","timestamp":1755060535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vsu.14297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vsu.14297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vsu.14297","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0161-3499"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1532-950X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}