{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T17:06:25Z","timestamp":1768755985626,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe outcomes following high\u2010metacarpal deep digital flexor tenotomy (DDFT) combined with Steward clog application in horses and ponies with refractory chronic laminitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Client\u2010owned horses and ponies (7 horses, 8 ponies) with severe refractory laminitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records (2018\u20132019) were reviewed. All underwent standing high\u2010metacarpal DDFT tenotomy proximal to the accessory ligament (AL\u2010DDFT) junction, followed by customized Steward clogs application. Preoperative assessment included radiography and venography. Postoperative management involved nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), controlled exercise, and serial monitoring of comfort, alignment, and survival up to 24\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median follow\u2010up was 24\u2009months (range: 6\u201324\u2009months). Six\u2010month survival was 100% (7\/7) in horses and 88% (7\/8) in ponies. At 12\u2009months, 43% (3\/7) of horses and 88% (7\/8) of ponies remained alive and improved to Obel grades 0\u20132. At 24\u2009months, 43% (3\/7) of horses and 50% (4\/8) of ponies survived, one returning to light work. Obel grades at 24\u2009months ranged from 0 to 2 (Obel 0:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093, Obel 1\u2009=\u20093, Obel 2\u2009=\u20091). A single distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) subluxation (4%, 1\/26 limbs) resolved with corrective farriery. Target palmar angles (3\u00b0\u201310\u00b0) were achieved in all cases. The majority of non\u2010survivors had endocrine\u2010associated laminitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010metacarpal DDFT tenotomy, with preservation of the AL\u2010DDFT, combined with Steward clog application provided effective P3 realignment and lameness improvement with low DIPJ subluxation incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This technique maintained DIPJ stability in 25\/26 joints and achieved outcomes comparable to previously described tenotomy methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  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