{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T05:15:22Z","timestamp":1778130922994,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009961","name":"American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACVS Foundation Diplomate Research Grant 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACVS Foundation Diplomate Research Grant 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine adverse effects of intraperitoneally (IP) or subcutaneously (SC) delivered silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in poloxamer 407 (P407; AgNP\u2010P407) and local retention and systemic uptake in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled randomized trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 25 rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 10 rats were randomly assigned in Phase 1 to a SC or IP surgical delivery group (5 rats\/group) to receive 0.01\u2009mg AgNP\/rat in P407 (1:2 volume ratio). A total of 15 rats (5\/group) were used in Phase 2 to receive IP: gel only (1.0\u2009mL), AgNP\u2010P407 (0.01\u2009mg AgNP in 1.0\u2009mL P407) or AgNP (0.01\u2009mg in aqueous buffer). Incisions were assessed daily. Euthanasia was performed on day 7. The SC surgery sites and organs were harvested and evaluated histologically with scores reported. Plasma was obtained and batch analyzed together with organs for Ag content using mass spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All rats survived the duration of the study. Minimal local histologic toxicity was seen after SC delivery. Plasma Ag peaked earlier for IP than SC delivery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.08) and for Ag delivered IP without gel (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.04). Organ Ag uptake was minimal; macrophage aggregation was identified in the spleen and lymph node consistently. Rats that received P407 had increased cholesterol, whereas changes in total protein, albumin, glucose, amylase and lipase were seen for all groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No adverse events were noted after use of AgNP\u2010P407, while Ag uptake was delayed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of AgNP\u2010P407 may be possible without systemic effects and prolonged local presence, but further testing is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:50:19Z","timestamp":1773316219000},"page":"791-806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Delivery of\n                    <scp>AgNP<\/scp>\n                    led to more pronounced local retention in the subcutaneous versus intraperitoneal location with limited uptake and toxic effects in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marije","family":"Risselada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makensie L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam G.","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"},{"name":"Arizona Regional Intensive Care, Specialty and Emergency Veterinary Center  Queen Creek Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"McCain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Translational Research College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201020666190408095811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01041\u201009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010015\u20100102\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u2010950X.2014.12267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u20104162\u201010978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7040173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.111296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.1093-1096.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15321819.2018.1555765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S177163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12162540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/292406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2011.20.11.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bbpc.19981021115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095\u2010006\u20109104\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.5.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.01.0048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.08.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA\u2010MS\u20106926"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12030202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"Sterile vancomycin pluronic gel for implantation in the chest\u2010wall cavity to treat resistant pheumococcus","volume":"7","author":"Gray CM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Compd"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel use of poloxamer 407 \u2013 antibiotic compounds to treat antimicrobial\u2010resistant soft tissue infections in dogs","volume":"55","author":"Swanson EA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.10.0229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council (U.S.)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis Concepts and Applications","author":"Gabrielsson J","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Hematology reference values for peripheral blood of laboratory rats","volume":"36","author":"Leonard R","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2018.1466212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Argyria StatPearls","author":"Jerger SE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659609020246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2009.1269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2010.529184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989\u2010016\u20100124\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet\u2010nbt.2020.0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbv016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JBR.0000000000000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/intox\u20102013\u20100004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517\u2010015\u20103090\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0024\u20103205(99)00495\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effect of poloxamer 407 on the serum cholesterol and triglyceride of rabbits","volume":"04","author":"Naik HG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm476"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vsu.70087","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vsu.70087","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vsu.70087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:50:08Z","timestamp":1778129408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vsu.70087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vsu.70087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vsu.70087","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-3499","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-950X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}