{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:54:35Z","timestamp":1791366875660,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To define the stabilizing role of feline carpal ligaments through selective transection and radiographic assessment of joint angulation under standardized loading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental ex vivo cadaveric study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty carpal joints from 30 adult cats without orthopedic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carpi were mounted in a custom radiolucent clamping device and subjected to standardized 20\u2009N varus, valgus, and extension loads. Measurement tolerances were 3.5\u00b0 for varus, 6.4\u00b0 for valgus, and 6\u00b0 for extension. Individual ligaments or ligament complexes were sequentially transected, and stability changes were quantified radiographically using dorsopalmar and mediolateral projections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transection of the medial collateral ligament produced only minor valgus increase below tolerance thresholds. Palmar radiocarpal ligament desmotomy caused valgus and hyperextension instability with consistent radiocarpal subluxation. Additional flexor retinaculum transection increased extension by up to 27.9\u00b0 and resulted in antebrachiocarpal luxation. Lateral collateral ligament transection produced marked varus instability (+16.8\u00b0) with ulnocarpal subluxation, and the ulnopalmar and accessory ulnar ligaments acted as secondary stabilizers. Distal palmar carpometacarpal ligament transection caused hyperextension (+12.3\u00b0) with mediocarpal and carpometacarpal subluxation. Isolated flexor myotomy or tenotomy did not produce measurable instability unless fascial structures were disrupted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feline carpal stability depends on coordinated ligamentous and fascial interactions rather than a single dominant stabilizer. This reproducible multiplanar testing model provides a biomechanical basis to improve diagnosis and treatment of feline carpal injuries, which are often extrapolated from canine data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data highlight that isolated ligament repair may not adequately restore carpal stability in cats. Clinicians should consider the integrated role of ligamentous and fascial structures when diagnosing and managing carpal injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:36:28Z","timestamp":1777379788000},"page":"1275-1285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical evaluation of carpal joint ligaments in the cat: An experimental and radiographic cadaveric study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0630-1326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Candela Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Health and Medical University  Potsdam Brandenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Meinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Practice Herzlake  Herzlake Lower Saxony Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Slunsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Brunnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0264.2000.00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Karpalgelenksarthrodese beim Hund","author":"K\u00e4hler B","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02383.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-12-04-0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03463-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X19870388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Knochen\u2010, Band\u2010 und Gelenkkapselverletzungen im Bereich des Karpalgelenkes beim Hund","author":"Wernitz U","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X251334096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1401","volume-title":"Small Animal Surgery","author":"Fossum TW","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-663-05920-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Musculoskeletal Imaging","author":"Allan G","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/58.11.1355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"792","volume-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","author":"Kapatkin AS","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Functional morphology of the cat forelimb muscles","volume":"150","author":"Gonyea WJ","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90273-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.285735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Zur funktionellen und topographischen Anatomie der Schultergliedmasse der Hauskatze (Felis silvestris f. catus). 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