{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:20:59Z","timestamp":1783952459576,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002462","name":"Chungnam National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) in the canine lumbosacral junction using three\u2010dimensional (3D)\u2010printed patient\u2010specific drill guides (PSGs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cadaveric study and clinical case report.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 13 Beagle cadavers and one 5\u2010year\u2010old German Shepherd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In each cadaver, one side underwent 3D\u2010PSG\u2010assisted PPSF by a novice surgeon and freehand PPSF on the contralateral side by an experienced surgeon. Outcomes included operative time (min), fluoroscopic counts, incision length (mm), vertebral canal breach (grade 0\u20132; grade 2 defined as relevant), and angular deviation (degrees). The clinical case underwent unilateral biportal endoscopy laminectomy and discectomy followed by 3D\u2010PSG\u2010assisted PPSF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Operative times were comparable (PSG: 22.65\u2009\u00b1\u20092.71\u2009min; freehand: 24.82\u2009\u00b1\u20095.00\u2009min;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.139). Fluoroscopic acquisitions were fewer with 3D\u2010PSG (median 5 [5\u20138]) than freehand (9 [7\u201314];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003). At L7, canal breach occurred in 1\/13 (PSG) and 6\/13 (freehand;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.073); relevant were 1\/1 and 4\/6, respectively. At S1, breach rates did not differ: 3\/13 (PSG) and 2\/13 (freehand;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.000); relevant were 1\/3 and 1\/2, respectively. Angle deviations at L7 were smaller in the 3D\u2010PSG (sagittal 2.58\u00b0 and 5.82\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.018; transverse 6.4\u00b0 and 12.8\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.036). No significant differences at S1. In the clinical case, minor breaches occurred at L7 left (medial) and S1 right (cranial). The dog exhibited normal gait at 3\u2009months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D\u2010PSG\u2010assisted PPSF at the canine lumbosacral junction was feasible, with improved screw placement accuracy at L7 and reduced fluoroscopic exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D\u2010PSGs may standardize screw trajectory control across surgeon experience levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:31:27Z","timestamp":1777379487000},"page":"908-919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    printed patient\u2010specific drill guide for percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in lumbosacral vertebrae in dogs: A cadaveric study and clinical case report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Kyuhyun","family":"Yeom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongpil","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1262-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngjin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1594-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haebeom","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaemin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Canine degenerative lumbosacral stenosis: prevalence, impact and management strategies","volume":"10","author":"Worth A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Med 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