{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:56:18Z","timestamp":1791266178181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009961","name":"American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the biomechanical properties and modes of failure of a single level equine cervical spine immobilized with unilateral or bilateral articular process joint (APJ) stabilization, ventral cervical stabilization (VCS) and non\u2010stabilized controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ex vivo experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 24 equine cadaver cervical spines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cervical spinal units (C4\u2013C5) were randomly assigned to four groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096\/group): unilateral APJ stabilization, bilateral APJ stabilization, VCS using pedicle screws and rod constructs, or non\u2010stabilized. Non\u2010destructive testing assessed kinematic range of motion (ROM), neutral zone, and stiffness in flexion\u2010extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. Specimens underwent four\u2010point bending to failure (0.1\u2009mm\/s). Radiographs and visual inspection characterized failure mode. Groups were compared using one\u2010way ANOVA or Kruskal\u2010Wallis tests. Significance was\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010destructive testing showed unilateral and bilateral APJ constructs were stiffer in flexion\u2010extension, axial rotation and lateral bending than non\u2010stabilized (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). In destructive testing, bilateral APJ stabilization was 2.5\u00d7 stiffer than VCS, with similar failure moments. Construct stiffness was higher with bilateral APJ stabilization (27.89\u2009\u00b1\u20095.11\u2009Nm\/\u00b0) versus non\u2010stabilized (6.92\u2009\u00b1\u20093.90\u2009Nm\/\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0037), unilateral APJ (14.06\u2009\u00b1\u20092.94\u2009Nm\/\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) and VCS (11.28\u2009\u00b1\u20093.01\u2009Nm\/\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) groups. Failure typically occurred as cranial articular process fracture in both bilateral and unilateral APJ constructs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral APJ stabilization demonstrated greater stiffness than VCS with comparable failure moments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral APJ stabilization, with its higher stiffness than VCS, may be an alternative strategy to achieve spinal fusion in horses while avoiding a ventral surgical approach. Future investigations and development of this technique in vivo are warranted before implementation in clinical cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:42:17Z","timestamp":1791265337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cervical articular process joint versus ventral cervical stabilization in horses: A biomechanical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9974-7478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Machiel P.","family":"Ysebaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Foslien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1742-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donovan M.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4593-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres F.","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben C.","family":"Gadomski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  Fort Collins Colorado USA"},{"name":"Orthopedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremiah T.","family":"Easley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0205-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad B.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  Fort Collins Colorado 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