{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:19:30Z","timestamp":1765887570397},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]],"date-time":"2013-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral mucositis is a common side effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy accompanied with acute inflammation and ulceration of the oral mucosa. Opioids can improve the wound healing of dermal and oral tissue when applied locally. The aim of this study was to investigate if morphine exhibits cytoprotective effects on oral epithelial cells postirradiation. Hence, oral epithelial cells were exposed to increasing doses (3\u201330\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Gy<\/jats:styled-content>) of ionization radiation. We assessed the effects of the radiation on cell viability, proinflammatory cytokine release (interleukin [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>]\u20101\u03b1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106), and matrix metalloproteinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, \u20108, and \u20109) expression. As expected, radiation significantly impaired cell viability and morphology and resulted in enhanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content> release. However, morphine\u2010treated cells consistently showed higher cell viability postirradiation: 9.19\u2009\u00b1\u20091.16% after 24\u2009hours and 7.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.93% after 48\u2009hours compared with the control. In terms of proinflammatory cytokines, the release of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 was significantly reduced, too, being most pronounced at 48\u2009hours postradiation. Additionally, we observed a significant reduction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and especially <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 expression in morphine\u2010treated cells. The results clearly indicate anti\u2010inflammatory as well as cytoprotective effects of morphine on irradiated oral epithelial cells. Interestingly, the protective effects of morphine are not related to a decrease in cell apoptosis or necrosis. Before final conclusions can be drawn, further studies in more complex systems in vitro and in vivo are required. Nevertheless, these findings further underline the high potential of opioids for the treatment of topical wounds and inflammatory conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]],"date-time":"2013-10-17T14:45:53Z","timestamp":1382021153000},"page":"883-889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytoprotective effects of opioids on irradiated oral epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nada","family":"Charbaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Freie University Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy Charit\u00e9 \u2010 University Medicine  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sch\u00e4fer\u2010Korting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Freie University Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"K\u00fcchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Freie University Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Pathobiology of oral mucositis: novel insights and opportunities","volume":"5","author":"Sonis ST","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of oral mucositis","volume":"5","author":"Silvermann S","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005209900095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(02)00404-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2007.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198806000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553007614550401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198810000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(90)90443-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(80)80067-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2011.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons","volume":"521","author":"Stein C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32834873e5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212803582513"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079887"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.15.5935"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00150-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2009.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.3.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2008.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2006-7-10-r100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Chemotherapy\u2010 and radiotherapy\u2010induced oral mucositis: pathobiology, epidemiology and management","volume":"65","author":"Feller L","year":"2010","journal-title":"SADJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suponc.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"621","article-title":"Characteristics of four new human cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"75","author":"Rupniak HT","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Cancer of the head and neck: general principles of radiobiology, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Radiation damage","volume":"52","author":"Branchi R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-012-0052-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986708783955518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.22.2.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases","volume":"378","author":"Nagase H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-009-0984-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00831.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2003.8.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"829","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of oral cavity cancer","volume":"109","author":"Wolff KD","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"}],"container-title":["Wound Repair and Regeneration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fwrr.12115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/wrr.12115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T08:40:54Z","timestamp":1696149654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/wrr.12115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/wrr.12115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/wrr.12115","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-1927","1524-475X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-1927","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-475X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]]}}}