{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:16:22Z","timestamp":1790759782001,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Researcher Grant, University of Milan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The red starfish <jats:italic>Echinaster sepositus<\/jats:italic> is an excellent model for studying arm regeneration processes following traumatic amputation. The initial repair phase was described in a previous paper in terms of the early cicatrisation phenomena, and tissue and cell involvement. In this work, we attempt to provide a further comprehensive description of the later regenerative stages in this species. Here, we present the results of a detailed microscopic and submicroscopic investigation of the long regenerative phase, which can be subdivided into two subphases: early and advanced regenerative phases. The early regenerative phase (1\u20136 weeks p.a.) is characterized by tissue rearrangement, morphogenetic processes and initial differentiation events (mainly neurogenesis and skeletogenesis). The advanced regenerative phase (after 6 weeks p.a.) is characterized by further differentiation processes (early myogenesis), and obvious morphogenesis and re\u2010growth of the regenerate. As in other starfish, the regenerative process in <jats:italic>E. sepositus<\/jats:italic> is relatively slow in comparison with that of crinoids and many ophiuroids, which is usually interpreted as resulting mainly from size\u2010related aspects and of the more conspicuous involvement of morphallactic processes. Light and electron microscopy analyses suggest that some of the amputated structures, such as muscles, are not able to replace their missing parts by directly re\u2010growing them from the remaining tissues, whereas others tissues, such as the skeleton and the radial nerve cord, appear to undergo direct re\u2010growth. The overall process is in agreement with the distalization\u2010intercalation model proposed by Agata and co\u2010workers. Further experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T23:49:07Z","timestamp":1435276147000},"page":"623-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Re\u2010growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during starfish arm regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yousra","family":"Ben Khadra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Ferrario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano Di","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955\u20106900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bonasoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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