{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:12:41Z","timestamp":1793059961711,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Angiogenesis Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ww7tv14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigate how wound closure is determined in recent randomized controlled wound trials and real\u2010world studies, identify solutions to the current limitations of wound assessment, and propose a standard methodology to define and assess wound healing in research. We searched PubMed for randomized clinical trials using the terms \u201ccomplete wound closure\u201d and \u201cwound healing rate\u201d and for real\u2010world studies using the terms \u201creal\u2010world wound healing,\u201d \u201creal\u2010world wound data,\u201d and \u201cwound registries\u201d dating from March 2010 through March 2018. We selected studies that had \u201ccomplete wound closure\u201d or \u201chealed wound\u201d as an endpoint. Sixty\u2010five trial articles and 10 real\u2010world articles met our criteria, from which we extracted the wound type studied, definition of healed wound used, wound assessment method, the number of weeks assessed, the number of wounds, and the percent of healed wounds in the study group(s) and control group. There were 7,194 trial wounds included. The most common definition of healing used by 26 studies (40.6%) was complete\/full\/100% (re)epithelialization or closure without discharge, drainage\/scab, and\/or dressing. Fifty\u2010two studies (81.2%) used blinded wound assessment, and at least 10 studies (15.6%) used blinded adjudication. The real\u2010world studies analyzed more than 901,396 wounds. Only three studies (33.3%) defined a healed\/closed wound, two of which used \u201ccomplete epithelialization.\u201d Eight studies (88.9%) did not define the wound assessment method; none indicated a blinded assessment. We support the Food and Drug Administration definition: 100% reepithelialization of the wound surface with no discernable exudate and without drainage or dressing, confirmed at two visits 2\u2009weeks apart, and we recommend blinded adjudication for wound assessment. The widespread adoption of a standard wound healing definition and assessment method in wound care research would allow for stronger comparisons of treatment effects across studies to improve the evidence base and strengthen the treatment decision\u2010making process in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T01:23:39Z","timestamp":1550193819000},"page":"201-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Defining complete wound closure: Closing the gap in clinical trials and practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Gould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Shore Hospital Center for Wound Healing  Weymouth Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Angiogenesis Foundation  Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"marketsandmarkets.com. Wound Care Market by Product (Advanced (Foam Alginate Hydrogel NPWT Active) Surgical Traditional) Acute (Burn Trauma)) End User (Hospital Long\u2010term Care Home Healthcare) \u2013 Global Forecast to 2022. Available athttps:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/wound-care-market-371.html(accessed July 30 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Evidence, research, and clinical practice: a patient\u2010centered framework for progress in wound care","volume":"57","author":"Rijswijk L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Wound care outcomes and associated cost among patients treated in US outpatient wound centers: data from the US wound registry","volume":"24","author":"Fife CE","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2017.0743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2010.19.6.48471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000305486.06358.e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Real\u2010world experience with a decellularized dehydrated human amniotic membrane allograft","volume":"27","author":"Smiell JM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/44.4.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0b013e3181bd82ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"CR326","article-title":"Comorbidity, frailty, and evolution of pressure ulcers in geriatrics","volume":"11","author":"Donini LM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.2001.00258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"SnyderDL SullivanN SchoellesKM.Skin substitutes for treating chronic wounds. 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