{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:24:51Z","timestamp":1773757491823,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Haemosiderin deposition in the legs of patients with venous leg ulcers is well established, and several theories suggest this stored iron has a role in disease pathophysiology. In this novel pilot study of patients with chronic venous leg ulcers, we aimed to establish the relationship between wound fluid iron levels, serum iron parameters and healing. Fifteen patients with venous ulcers were included in the study. Blood samples were taken for full blood count and iron studies, while simultaneously wound fluid was obtained from the wound surface using filter paper. Wound areas were measured at initial and 4\u2009week (+\/\u2212 2\u2009day) follow\u2010up visits. We found a positive correlation between wound fluid and serum iron (correlation co\u2010efficient 0.27) and those with the lowest wound fluid iron level were also anemic. No association was found between initial wound area and wound fluid iron level but the largest wound areas were found in patients with anemia. Only 38% of patients demonstrated a reduction in wound area during the 4\u2009week study, and 80% of those were not anemic or iron deficient. Conversely in those patients whose wounds did not reduce in size 88% were anemic or iron deficient. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized phenomenon of systemic iron store depletion secondary to leaching out of the body in wound exudate. In addition, these results suggest a high prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic venous ulcers, though whether this is cause or effect requires further research. Our findings also suggest that patients with venous ulcers have a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia, which appears to be often undiagnosed, and that diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in patients with chronic wounds need to be revised to reflect the effect of chronic inflammation on iron metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T12:14:10Z","timestamp":1570882450000},"page":"33-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Does localized iron loss in venous disease lead to systemic iron deficiency? A descriptive pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6823-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy E.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff and Vale University Health Board  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith G.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Welsh Wound Innovation Centre  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health economic burden that wounds impose on the National Health Service in the UK","volume":"5","author":"Guest JF","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734610384653"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670090032006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01345.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Iron deficiency anemia: assessment, prevention and control: a guide for program managers","author":"WHO","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.228874"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7536.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Metabolism of iron stores","volume":"76","author":"Saito H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2013.0571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2005.31611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2494.2001.00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.19629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199111000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"The problem of anemia in patients with diabetic foot ulceration","volume":"12","author":"Wright JA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfus Altern Transfus Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Anaemia and wound healing. 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