{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:13:12Z","timestamp":1790791992503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upon healing, burn wounds often leave hypertrophic scars (HTSs) marked by excess collagen deposition, dermal and epidermal thickening, hypervascularity, and an increased density of fibroblasts. The Galectins, a family of lectins with a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, function intracellularly and extracellularly to mediate a multitude of biological processes including inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, cell migration and differentiation, and cell\u2010ECM adhesion. Galectin\u20101 (Gal\u20101) has been associated with several fibrotic diseases and can induce keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation into fibroproliferative myofibroblasts. In this study, Gal\u20101 expression was assessed in human and porcine HTS. In a microarray, galectins 1, 4, and 12 were upregulated in pig HTS compared to normal skin (fold change = +3.58, +6.11, and +3.03, FDR &lt;0.01). Confirmatory qRT\u2010PCR demonstrated significant upregulation of Galectin\u20101 (LGALS1) transcription in HTS in both human and porcine tissues (fold change = +7.78 and +7.90, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;.05). In pig HTS, this upregulation was maintained throughout scar development and remodeling. Immunofluorescent staining of Gal\u20101 in human and porcine HTS showed significantly increased fluorescence (202.5 \u00b1\u200958.2 vs 35.2 \u00b1\u200921.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;.05 and 276.1 \u00b1\u200912.7 vs 69.7 \u00b1\u200925.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;.01) compared to normal skin and co\u2010localization with smooth muscle actin\u2010expressing myofibroblasts. A strong positive correlation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.948) was observed between LGALS1 and Collagen type 1 alpha 1 mRNA expression. Gal\u20101 is overexpressed in HTS at the mRNA and protein levels and may have a role in the development of scar phenotypes due to fibroblast over\u2010proliferation, collagen secretion, and dermal thickening. The role of galectins shows promise for future study and may lead to the development of a pharmacotherapy for treatment of HTS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T14:44:45Z","timestamp":1603118685000},"page":"117-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Galectin\u20101 production is elevated in hypertrophic scar"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2744-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam D.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Shupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University School of Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The Burn Center, Department of Surgery MedStar Washington Hospital Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulnaser","family":"Alkhalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren T.","family":"Moffatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University School of Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie C.","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research Institute  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University School of Medicine  Washington District of Columbia 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