{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:09:55Z","timestamp":1792123795029,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetic foot ulcers are prevalent among patients with diabetes and negatively affect mortality and life expectancy. This study aimed to synthesize and systematically review the best evidence to assess the efficacy of low\u2010level light therapy in improving healing of diabetic foot ulcers. We search CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until September 30, 2019. Meta\u2010analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta\u2010analysis 3.0 software. Overall effect was measured using Hedges'\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    and determined using the Z\u2010statistic at a significance level of\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u2009.05. Heterogeneity was assessed using\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    statistics. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included. Meta\u2010analysis revealed that 30.90% of the ulcer area was significantly reduced in the therapy group compared with the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20093.95,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u2009.001) with a very large effect (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20092.81). A 4.2 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    reduction of the ulcer area was observed in the therapy group compared with the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20092.17,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u2009.03) with a very large effect (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20091.37). In addition, diabetic foot ulcers in the therapy group was 4.65 times more likely to heal completely than those in the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20093.02,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u2009.003). Low\u2010level light therapy accelerates wound healing and reduces the size of diabetic foot ulcers. However, our review does not allow any recommendation for the best treatment parameters required to achieve improved healing. Future trials need to include a good design and large sample size in defining the optimal treatment parameters for ulcers of different sizes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:20:39Z","timestamp":1603153239000},"page":"34-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Efficacy of low\u2010level light therapy for improving healing of diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yuanpei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Nursing, National University Hospital National University Health System  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon Woon Audrey","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Department of Nursing Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huey Weng Krystle","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, Department of Nursing Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Ying Jasmine","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Department of Nursing Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Ya","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Nursing Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Ling","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Nursing, National University Hospital National University Health System  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling Jie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Research Unit, Department of Nursing Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun Health Campus, National Healthcare Group  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8289-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Incidence and location of diabetic foot ulcer recurrence","volume":"12","author":"Galea A","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Diabetic Foot J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-014-0140-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67698-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018817744513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0327-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S154304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20163778"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"CD013061","article-title":"Low\u2010level light therapy for treating venous leg ulcers","volume":"2018","author":"Illescas\u2010Montes R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"CD011979","article-title":"Phototherapy for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes","volume":"2017","author":"Wang HT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.07.014"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Biological effects of low level laser therapy","volume":"5","author":"Farivar S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HamblinMR.The role of nitric oxide in low level light therapy. 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