{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:04:37Z","timestamp":1792447477114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The venous lymph node flap (vLNF) is regarded as an arterialized or \u2018pure\u2019 venous flap, subject to which type of vessel provides blood supply to the flap. However, whether the vLNF drainage function is maintainable or sufficient for the treatment of lymphoedema is yet to be elucidated. In this study, the venous flow\u2010through lymph node flaps or \u2018pure\u2019 vLNF was investigated in a rat's tail (lymphoedema model), and the therapeutic effect was analysed to clarify its potential value for the treatment of lymphoedema. The subjects (rats) were divided into three groups, the experimental group (\u2018pure\u2019 vLNF group), the control group (lymphoedema group), and the baseline group. The tail circumference and diameter were recorded for 5\u2009weeks after the operation. Five weeks after surgery, the lymphatic drainage function was evaluated using indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography, while the skin thickness and collagen layer were assessed by histological analysis. The average diameter and circumference of the experimental group were significantly shorter than the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). When comparing ICG lymphography within the three groups, the baseline group showed that the ICG entered the inguinal lymph node and appeared in the liver while the ICG still accumulated in the oedematous tail with no fluorescence emerging in other parts of the rat's body, in the control group. In the experimental group, the ICG entered the vLNF via the flap junction with the rat's tail and fluorescence emerging in the rat's liver. When comparing the three groups above with the control group, the experimental group's skin and collagen layer thickness were significantly improved (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Lymphatic recanalization was shown to appear between \u2018pure\u2019 vLNF and the recipient area. Moreover, vLNF was shown to drain lymph fluid via the venous system, thus relieved swelling and fibrosis of the lymphoedematous tissue. Consequently, this could represent a new potential surgical approach for the treatment of lymphoedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T07:14:47Z","timestamp":1675840487000},"page":"360-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation and efficacy of \u2018pure\u2019 venous lymph node flap in a rat lymphoedema model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Nicoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northumbria NHS Trust  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiru","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2446-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2135-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(90)90123-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b03787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000201258.10304.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.04.017"},{"issue":"683","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"vii","article-title":"Perforator flaps and 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