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It is known to have anti\u2010inflammatory, anti\u2010nociceptive and anti\u2010adrenergic effects, and its therapeutic potential for diverse pathologies is being investigated. VNS can be achieved through invasive (iVNS) or non\u2010invasive (niVNS) means, targeting different branches of the vagus nerve. iVNS devices require surgical implantation and have associated risks, while niVNS devices are generally better tolerated and have a better safety profile. Studies have shown that both iVNS and niVNS can reduce inflammation and pain perception in patients with acute and chronic conditions. VNS devices, such as the VNS Therapy System and MicroTransponder Vivistim, have received Food and Drug Administration approval for specific indications. Other niVNS devices, like NEMOS and gammaCore, have shown effectiveness in managing epilepsy, pain and migraines. VNS has also demonstrated potential in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, as well as neurological disorders like epilepsy and migraines. In addition, VNS has been explored in cardiovascular disorders, including post\u2010operative atrial fibrillation and myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury, and has shown positive outcomes. The mechanisms behind VNS's effects include the cholinergic anti\u2010inflammatory pathway, modulation of cytokines and activation of specialised pro\u2010resolving mediators. The modulation of inflammation by VNS presents a promising avenue for investigating its potential to improve the healing of chronic wounds. However, more research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms and optimise the use of VNS in wound healing. Ongoing clinical trials may support the use of this modality as an adjunct to improve healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1705569947000},"page":"108-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vagus nerve stimulation: Potential for treating chronic wounds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Anuj","family":"Budhiraja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Northstate University College of Medicine  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisha","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Northstate University College of Medicine  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moyasar A.","family":"Alhamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Swedarsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Mason Franciscan Health  Tacoma Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Dahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Podiatry Section VA Northern California Health Care System  California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7813-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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