{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:33:46Z","timestamp":1792553626522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIGMS R35 GM137828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS R35 GM137828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Slough is a well\u2010known feature of non\u2010healing wounds. This pilot study aims to determine the proteomic and microbiologic components of slough as well as interrogate the associations between wound slough components and wound healing. Ten subjects with slow\u2010to\u2010heal wounds and visible slough were enrolled. Aetiologies included venous stasis ulcers, post\u2010surgical site infections and pressure ulcers. Patient co\u2010morbidities and wound healing outcome at 3\u2010months post\u2010sample collection was recorded. Debrided slough was analysed microscopically, through untargeted proteomics, and high\u2010throughput bacterial 16S\u2010ribosomal gene sequencing. Microscopic imaging revealed wound slough to be amorphous in structure and highly variable. 16S\u2010profiling found slough microbial communities to associate with wound aetiology and location on the body. Across all subjects, slough largely consisted of proteins involved in skin structure and formation, blood\u2010clot formation and immune processes. To predict variables associated with wound healing, protein, microbial and clinical datasets were integrated into a supervised discriminant analysis. This analysis revealed that healing wounds were enriched for proteins involved in skin barrier development and negative regulation of immune responses. While wounds that deteriorated over time started off with a higher baseline Bates\u2010Jensen Wound Assessment Score and were enriched for anaerobic bacterial taxa and chronic inflammatory proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate clinical, microbiome, and proteomic data to systematically characterise wound slough and integrate it into a single assessment to predict wound healing outcome. Collectively, our findings underscore how slough components can help identify wounds at risk of continued impaired healing and serves as an underutilised biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T11:48:35Z","timestamp":1711972115000},"page":"783-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["What is slough? Defining the proteomic and microbial composition of slough and its implications for wound healing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3102-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Microbiology Doctoral Training Program University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Z. Alex","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Microbiology Doctoral Training Program University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Radzietza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Western Sydney University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaine","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2946-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Western Sydney University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bjarnsholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"International Wound Infection Institute  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Ousey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Wound Infection Institute  London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention University of Huddersfield  West Yorkshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Wound Infection Institute  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Wound Infection Institute  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1181-7481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela L. F.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay R.","family":"Kalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"International Wound Infection Institute  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"EvansK KimPJ.Overview of treatment of chronic wounds.2022https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/overview-of-treatment-of-chronic-wounds#H45052022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33235\/wpr.27.4.164-167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7536.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25270\/wnds\/2021.e6166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100456d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2012.00791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.0968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201200502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3300-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100065R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-020-0130-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2015.24.11.498"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"Bates\u2010Jensen Wound Assessment Tool","author":"Bates\u2010Jensen B.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","volume-title":"Package \u2018Vegan\u2019: Community Ecology Package","author":"Oksanen J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-48"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","article-title":"rrvgo: a Bioconductor package for interpreting lists of gene ontology terms","volume":"2023","author":"Sayols S","year":"2023","journal-title":"MicroPubl Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.TIR119.001646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0b013e3181d73aab"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.17.7.076016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2014.0535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/153586"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2016.25.Sup9.S11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.10.3052-3055.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.607255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20220216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04180-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02298-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-20-0256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.103998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-018-1231-z"}],"container-title":["Wound Repair and Regeneration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/wrr.13170","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T05:59:38Z","timestamp":1732341578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/wrr.13170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/wrr.13170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/wrr.13170","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-1927","1524-475X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-1927","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-475X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}