{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:18:34Z","timestamp":1777943914546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Craniofacial fractures pose complex medical and surgical challenges. Prolonged wound healing complicates surgical reconstruction, highlighting the need for methods to enhance tissue healing. This research evaluated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on edema, trismus, and pain following mandibular fracture surgery. This study was approved by th<jats:bold>e<\/jats:bold> Kasturba Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC: 219\/2022). Thirty\u2010two participants were signed up and split into two groups, one receiving PBM. Ten 660\u2009nm LEDs with an energy density of 9\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, Power density (irradiance) of 50\u2009mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and nine 905\u2009nm LEDs with an energy density of 13.5\u2009J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, power density (irradiance) of 75\u2009mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. With a total power of 235\u2009mW, the total dose was 42.3\u2009J, a spot Size of 3.8\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and pulsed at 156\u2009Hz. The mandibular body and angle area were irradiated from the outer skin surface of the Jaw region. The therapy lasted for 3\u2009min and was given for 4 consecutive days starting from the day after surgery. The present study evaluates pain thresholds using an algometer. The facial swelling was measured at two distinct points, the ear's tragus to the labial commissure (T\u2010LC) and the outer canthus of the eye to the mandible's angle (OC\u2010AM), using a ruler. Mouth opening was measured for trismus using a vernier calliper. There was no significant reduction in pain (\u22120.34 vs. \u22120.09; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.079) or edema (T\u2010LC: 2.44 vs. 2.13; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.771, OC\u2010AM 2.31 vs. 0.69; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.185) in the PBM\u2010treated group compared to the control group. However, trismus reduction was significantly better in the PBM group (\u22123.25 vs. \u22121.31; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In summary, a specific PBM protocol can effectively reduce trismus during recovery from mandibular fractures, with the potential for future optimization to address pain and edema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T21:18:47Z","timestamp":1744492727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus following fixation of mandibular fractures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4659-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil S.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8102-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surbhi","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. Arun","family":"Maiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Podiatry &amp; Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Department of Physiotherapy Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalyana C.","family":"Pentapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shetty Shrija","family":"Jaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Fixation of mandibular fractures with plates or mini plates: prospective study","volume":"59","author":"Moraes R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva 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