{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:40:22Z","timestamp":1790890822865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic wounds significantly impact health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL). Unpleasant wound odour, caused by bacterial colonisation and necrotic processes, is a distressing symptom. Its exact composition is not well understood, but it could be the basis for a personalised odour avoidance strategy. Therefore, this feasibility study explored 92 wounds from 66 patients with the focus on wound odour, bacterial burden and their impact on health related\u2010quality of life (HRQoL). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible for wound odours were detected at the molecular level, using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry and \u2010ion mobility spectrometry and correlated to the HRQoL. In patients analysed (average age 69\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009years, wound persistence 24.31\u2009\u00b1\u200970.8\u2009months) 135 pathogens were identified by swabbing including 19%\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 15%\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 35%\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The specific questionnaire \u2018Wound\u2010QoL\u201014\u2019 showed a non\u2010significant difference in HRQoL in patients with wound odour (2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 vs. 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0). The latter also had the highest number of VOC detections. The most frequently detected, relevant VOCs from prokaryotic sources were dimethyl\u2010disulphide and diacetyl\u2010(2,3\u2010butanedione). Furthermore, potential biomarkers for specific pathogens were identified, including dimethyl\u2010trisulphide for\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and indole for\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The most prevalent substance groups were ketones and alcohols. In conclusion, the malodour of chronic wounds is caused by a mixture of the intrinsic odour of bacterial products and necrosis. This exploratory study, which combines the analysis of decoded VOCs and the olfactory assessment of odour, could be a novel, targeted approach for identifying potential \u2018anti\u2010wound odour therapies\u2019 that will significantly benefit the HRQoL of patients with malodourous tumour wounds, in particular.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T02:10:58Z","timestamp":1745892658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of malodour on health\u2010related quality of life of patients with chronic wounds due to volatile organic compounds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"E. K.","family":"Stuermer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Translational Wound Research University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf (UKE)  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Nathrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Translational Wound Research University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf (UKE)  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Lober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamm\u2010Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences  Hamm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0159-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Wigger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamm\u2010Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences  Hamm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9861-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. M.","family":"Janke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf (UKE)  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4026-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Augustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf (UKE)  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dittmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Translational Wound Research University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf (UKE)  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sielemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamm\u2010Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences  Hamm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Liegenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Translational Wound Research University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf (UKE)  Hamburg 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