{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:07:34Z","timestamp":1789564054745,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a major complication of diabetes, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Host factors and microorganisms in DFI can disrupt healing processes, leading to chronic, non\u2010healing wounds. The aim of this study was to characterise the microbiome of DFIs and contralateral healthy foot skin (CHFS). Thirty\u2010two diabetic patients were enrolled in this study. Samples were obtained from DFIs and CHFS from the same patient. The microbiome was profiled using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. All the samples were polymicrobial, with a predominance of the obligate anaerobes belonging to Bacteroidetes in PEDIS 4. While PEDIS 3 and 2 were dominated by Proteobacteria. CHFS showed similar bacterial composition across all grades of severity, and the most abundant genera detected were <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>. The CHFS was more diverse than DFIs in PEDIS 3 and 4. However, DFIs and CHFS in PEDIS 2 present similar diversity. In addition, DFIs of this grade exhibited a high proportion of <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic> as well as CHFS. PCoA analysis demonstrated that the community structure of DFIs was different from that of CHFS, with <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic> the main contributors to the clustering. Neighbour\u2010Net analyses revealed that DFIs exhibited lower diversity compared to CHFS and harboured a more homogeneous dominant bacterial community. Our study revealed a high abundance of obligate anaerobes, including <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, Prevotella, <jats:italic>Morganella<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>, in more severe infections; along with a decrease in microbial diversity. Additionally, there was a decrease in the abundance of key bacteria from the normal skin microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T08:50:32Z","timestamp":1755161432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Shotgun Metagenomic Investigation of the Microbiome in Diabetic Foot Infections Compared to Healthy Skin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nerdjes","family":"Ferhaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef  Chlef Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Sebaihia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, 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