{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:30:54Z","timestamp":1788093054759,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004885","name":"Ume\u00e5 Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hard\u2010to\u2010heal arterial leg ulcers in older adults are a challenging and complex condition. In this quasi\u2010experimental study, three treatment approaches were compared. The purpose was to investigate (1) the healing time of arterial leg ulcers in older adults (\u2265\u200970\u2009years) who underwent photobiomodulation, revascularisation, or conservative treatment; (2) the importance of factors associated with impaired healing; and (3) ulcer recurrence after healing with photobiomodulation. Participants who received photobiomodulation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200951) were frail older adults recruited from municipal home healthcare and matched with participants who received revascularisation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200971) or conservative treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009153). The latter two groups were retrieved from the Swedish Quality Registry RiksS\u00e5r for ulcer treatment. Photobiomodulation was performed at wavelengths of 635 and 904\u2009nm twice weekly. The results showed that the photobiomodulation group had a significantly shorter healing time (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and a higher proportion of healed ulcers; photobiomodulation 66.7%, revascularized 50.7% and conservatively treated group 41.2%. The median healing times for the photobiomodulation group were 135\u2009days (confidence interval 95\u2013175), compared to 252 (confidence interval 181\u2013323) and 316 (confidence interval 192\u2013440) in revascularized and conservatively treated groups, respectively. Neither ulcer duration nor other pretreatment factors exerted clinically relevant effects on healing time. In this study, recurrence within 24\u2009months of healing with photobiomodulation was &lt;\u200912%. In conclusion, photobiomodulation has the potential to heal hard\u2010to\u2010heal arterial ulcers markedly faster than revascularisation or conservative treatment. It could be a suitable treatment alternative for frail older adults, including those with previous substantial ulcer duration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:38:47Z","timestamp":1762861127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Photobiomodulation, Compared to Revascularisation, and Conservative Treatment\u2014What Works for Healing Hard\u2010to\u2010Heal Arterial Leg Ulcers in Older Adults: A Quasi\u2010Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4660-1835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Degerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Development Skellefte\u00e5 Municipality  Skellefte\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5005-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Corneliusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micael","family":"\u00d6hman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Lule\u00e5 University of Technology  Lule\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Schmitt\u2010Egenolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Christer","family":"Bertilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Audulv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.38123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555\u20103803"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13152494"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010016\u20100198\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2017.26.6.292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"V\u00e5rdhandboken \u201cHur n\u00f6jd \u00e4r du med V\u00e5rdhandboken? \u201d2024 https:\/\/www.vardhandboken.se\/om\/om\u2010vardhandboken\/in\u2010english\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359125"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","article-title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated With Chronic Wounds in Older Adults in Primary Care","volume":"52","author":"Brito Vieira C. 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