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Despite the substantial burden that such wounds place on patients and healthcare systems, few biomarkers have been approved for prediction of wound healing trajectories and outcomes, limiting opportunities to inform clinical management decisions or quantify patient responses to interventions. Recent advances have identified cell\u2010free nucleic acids as powerful tools for gaining molecular insights because they offer a non\u2010invasive, dynamic snapshot of physiological and pathological processes occurring throughout the body. In particular, cell\u2010free RNAs from non\u2010coding RNA families including microRNA, long non\u2010coding RNA, circular RNA and transfer RNA fragments can be profiled on a large scale to reveal novel disease signatures to support biomarker development. The presence of such non\u2010coding RNAs in serum, plasma or other biofluids provides a rich resource for uncovering new parameters that can support biomarker development for wound repair. In this review article, we highlight some of the current challenges associated with biomarkers for wound healing in clinical practice. We then survey the microRNAs, long non\u2010coding RNA and circular RNAs landscape in relation to their utility as biomarkers in diabetic foot ulcers and other chronic wounds. Collectively, these extracellular RNAs offer a multifaceted view of wound biology and may serve as non\u2010invasive biomarkers for stratifying wound severity, predicting healing outcomes and guiding personalised interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T13:55:46Z","timestamp":1768053346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extracellular\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    Biomarkers for Chronic Non\u2010Healing Wounds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rowlands","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool 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