{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:25:25Z","timestamp":1791663925063,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic wounds cause prolonged patient suffering, increased complication risks, and reduced quality of life. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) potentially offer non\u2010invasive detection and monitoring of wound complications. This systematic literature review aimed to determine characteristics of VOCs identified in human acute and chronic wounds. A systematic search across three databases using OVID SP was conducted. Data was extracted using a standardised form with risk of bias assessed via QUADAS\u20102. Of the 690 screened reports, 11 were included (6 acute, 4 chronic and 1 study for both types) with various sample types. Seven studies reported distinctive VOC counts (range 3\u2013189), identifying 105 unique VOCs overall. A total of 16 VOCs appeared in two studies, one appeared in three studies, 6 in acute wounds only, 2 in chronic wounds only and 9 in both wound types. Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry was the predominant detection method, with a wide range of columns and methods applied. Evidence indicates VOCs can differentiate between infected and non\u2010infected wounds, signifying diagnostic potential. However, significant heterogeneity across most domains of interest and limited data necessitate further research to establish clinical utility. The identification of common VOCs across studies provides promising groundwork for developing standardised VOC profiling in wound assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:20:05Z","timestamp":1777641605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Profile of Volatile Organic Compounds (\n                    <scp>VOCs<\/scp>\n                    ) in Human Wounds: Potential for Infection Control\u2014A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5956-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics &amp; Epidemiology, Insights, Evidence and Value Commercialisation &amp; Outcomes ICON Plc  Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Goldgrub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics &amp; Epidemiology, Insights, Evidence and Value Commercialisation &amp; Outcomes ICON Plc  Reading UK"},{"name":"Health Economics &amp; Epidemiology, Insights Evidence and Value Commercialisation &amp; Outcomes, ICON PLC  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakshi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics &amp; Epidemiology, Insights, Evidence and Value Commercialisation &amp; Outcomes ICON Plc  Reading UK"},{"name":"Health Economics &amp; Epidemiology Insights, Evidence and Value Commercialisation &amp; Outcomes, ICON PLC  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanita","family":"Tongbram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics &amp; Epidemiology, Insights, Evidence and Value Commercialisation &amp; Outcomes ICON Plc  Reading UK"},{"name":"Health Economics &amp; Epidemiology Insights, Evidence and Value Commercialisation &amp; Outcomes, ICON PLC  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Leemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Unit, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, INSERM Paris\u2010Est University, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France et AP\u2010HP, Hopital Henri\u2010Mondor, Clinical Research Unit (URC Mondor)  Creteil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Serafin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Generation Department HARTMANN GROUP  Heidenheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7146-1267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladica","family":"Velickovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Generation Department HARTMANN GROUP  Heidenheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fromantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Care and Research Unit 26 Curie Institute, Rue d'Ulm  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.5.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524\u2010475X.1994.20305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.Sup3a.S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734607313984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.14.2.244\u2010269.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325\u2010017\u20100478\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524\u2010475x.2001.00178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555\u20102786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Volatile Organic Compounds as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Probert C. S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407679-2.00002-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0011\u20102019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Urinary Metabolites for Urological Cancer Detection: A Review on the Application of Volatile Organic Compounds for Cancers","volume":"7","author":"Gao Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408\u2010017\u20109987\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7247802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00020\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752\u20107155\/8\/3\/034001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"The Role of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Clinical Diagnosis of Chronic Wound Infections: A Critical Review","volume":"16","author":"Zhao C. X.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Infection Management in Chronic Wounds: The Role of Topical Therapies","volume":"26","author":"Dowsett C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u2010475X.2010.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201027504\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010022\u201006548\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.10.0109.0300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Detection of Wound Pathogen by an Intelligent Electronic Nose","volume":"21","author":"Tian F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors and Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Volatile Organic Compounds of Malignant Breast Cancer Wounds: Identification and Odors","volume":"30","author":"Thuleau A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m14\u20102385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119756194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","volume-title":"The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Vol. 5.1.0","author":"Higgins J. P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.03.1455"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","article-title":"Endovascular Therapy Versus Medical Therapy Alone for Basilar Artery Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis Through Nested Knowledge. Stroke: Vascular and Interventional","volume":"2","author":"Adusumilli G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","unstructured":"N.Knowledge \u201cSceening Model \u201dhttps:\/\/wiki.nested\u2010knowledge.com\/doku.php?id=wiki:autolit:screening:inclusionpredictionmodel#testing_out_the_model."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","unstructured":"Litmaps \u201cLitmaps (Version 2025\u201001\u201016) [Search Tool] \u201d 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11772719221100709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012514"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios10030019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/won.0000000000001092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","volume-title":"Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Environmental Waters Using the Agilent 7697A Headspace and 7890B\/5977A GC\/MS","author":"Rothweiler B.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306\u2010024\u201002163\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","volume-title":"In Indoor Environmental Quality and Health Risk Toward Healthier Environment for All 129\u2013158","author":"Araki A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2022.2085735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","volume-title":"Shimadzu Guide to US EPA Method 8260 for Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground Water and Solid Waste","author":"Instruments S. S.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","unstructured":"mbH GAS GfaS \u201cGC\u2010IMS Instrument Overview \u201d 2026 https:\/\/www.gas\u2010dortmund.de\/Products\/Instruments\/GC\u2010IMS\/1_367.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","volume-title":"Agilent 5975C Series GC\/MSD System Data Sheet","author":"Technologies, A","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","volume-title":"Method 8265: Volatile Organic Compounds in Water, Soil, Soil Gas, and Air by Direct Sampling Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (DSITMS)","author":"Agency, U. S. E. P","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102672.2012.05414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00392\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of Bacterial Metabolites in Spent Culture Media and Body Fluids by Electron Capture Gas\u2010Liquid Chromatography","volume":"15","author":"Brooks J. B.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Advances in Chromatography"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378\u20104347(00)80760\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Experience of Gas\u2010Liquid Chromatography in Clinical Microbiology","volume":"48","author":"W\u00fcst J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annales de Biologie Clinique (Paris)"}],"container-title":["Wound Repair and Regeneration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/wrr.70155","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/wrr.70155","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/wrr.70155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T09:29:51Z","timestamp":1786181391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/wrr.70155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/wrr.70155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/wrr.70155","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-1927","1524-475X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-1927","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-475X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70155"}}