{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T09:43:35Z","timestamp":1786182215959,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pyroligneous extract, a refined wood vinegar from palm kernel shell biomass pyrolysis, could promote wound healing. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a topical hydrogel containing this extract on diabetic foot ulcer. A double blind, randomised, placebo\u2010controlled study was done. Sixteen volunteers with DFU were equally randomly assigned to either the treatment group receiving 150\u2009\u03bcg\/g extract in hydrogel or the control one receiving placebo. Hydrogels were applied to individual wounds once every other day for 13\u2009weeks. Wound assessment and swab culture were done on weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13. Tissues exfoliated during wound dressing were collected at baseline and completion for biomarkers detection. During the trial, three participants dropped out. No skin irritation was found in all participants. Mean wound shrinkage in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control from Week 7 onwards. The estimated half\u2010lives presented as a 95% confidence limit of wound healing in the treatment and control groups were 4\u20137\u2009days and 5\u201315\u2009days, respectively. The extract may reduce the risk of infection as swab culture showed the decreased number of species of on\u2010wounded site pathogens after treatment and so did the number of wounds with positive culture. mRNA expression of transdermal growth factor\u2010\u03b2 1 in the treatment group significantly increased whereas tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 decreased compared with the placebo one. With clinical outcome, its TGF\u2010\u03b2I up\u2010regulating function with reduction of TNF\u2010\u03b1 level may decrease inflammatory response making Pyroligneous extract a novel agent to promote the healing in DFU wounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:37:26Z","timestamp":1777462646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A First\u2010In\u2010Human Study of Pyroligneous Extract, the Biomaterial Derived From Pyrolytic Palm Kernel Shell Wood Vinegar as a Novel Wound Healing Aid on Diabetic Foot Ulcer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Atthawit","family":"Mongkornwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somkiat","family":"Sunpaweravong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyuth","family":"Theapparat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome System Engineering Research Center Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongdee","family":"Nopparat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0673-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damrongsak","family":"Faroongsarng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome System Engineering Research Center Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"},{"name":"Drug Delivery System Excellent Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22467\/jwmr.2025.03272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.10578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0940-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25270\/wnds\/20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Y.Theapparat \u201cThai Patent 190\u20131006\u201037 \u201d2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.115994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2024.2427795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"N.Roekngam \u201cChitosan Hydrogel Incorporated With Extracted Wood Vinegar From Oil Palm Shell on the Healing of Dermal Wounds on Pressure Ulcer in Mice\u201d(PhD thesis Prince of Songkla University Thailand 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197602000-00002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Aldose Reductase, Oxidative Stress, and Diabetic Mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Tang W. 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