{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T09:43:36Z","timestamp":1786182216150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wound Repair Regeneration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are a chronic condition with significant healthcare costs. UK clinical guidelines recommend regular physical activity for VLU management, but evidence on its efficacy in promoting healing and preventing recurrence remains limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions, in addition to standard care, on VLU outcomes. A comprehensive search of databases was conducted up to May 22, 2025. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251057818). Eligible studies included adults with VLUs and an ankle\u2013brachial pressure index greater than 0.8. Only randomised controlled trials comparing exercise plus standard care with standard care alone and reporting ulcer\u2010related outcomes were included. Nine trials were included, with 133 patients receiving exercise interventions and 137 receiving standard care. All studies combined exercise with compression therapy. Intervention duration ranged from 4 to 12\u2009weeks. A meta\u2010analysis of eight studies showed a significantly higher healing rate in the exercise group (RR\u2009=\u20091.35). Subgroup analysis revealed statistically non\u2010significant higher effect sizes for hospital\u2010based programmes (RR\u2009=\u20091.69) compared to home\u2010based ones (RR\u2009=\u20091.22). Five studies reported ulcer area reduction, with a non\u2010significant pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.72. No studies reported ulcer recurrence. Both home\u2010 and hospital\u2010based exercise programmes appear to improve VLU healing rates when added to standard care, although current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, methodological variability, and lack of recurrence data. Future trials should standardise protocols and include long\u2010term follow\u2010up to guide clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:00:58Z","timestamp":1780318858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise Programmes in the Management of Venous Leg Ulceration\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6359-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anselmo","family":"Pagani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"},{"name":"Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kia Hau Matthew","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alun H.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5926-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Onida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence \u201cLeg Ulcer \u2013 Venous \u201daccessed August 11 2021 https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/leg\u2010ulcer\u2010venous\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004631"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1067-1927.2005.130103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2010.00660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","article-title":"Burden of Venous Leg Ulcers in the United States","author":"Rice J. 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