{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:22:18Z","timestamp":1780442538817,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Worldviews Ev Based Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fatigue is a common symptom in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. However, previous studies report inconsistent patterns of fatigue change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to estimate changes in fatigue among patients with cancer before, during, and after radiotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five databases (PubMed, SDOL, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Medline [ProQuest], and ProQuest Dissertations) were searched for studies published from January 2006 to May 2021. Three effect sizes of fatigue change (immediate, short\u2010term, and long\u2010term) were calculated for each primary study using standardized mean difference. A random\u2010effect model was used to combine effect sizes across studies. Subgroup analyses and meta\u2010regression were performed to identify potential categorical and continuous moderators, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010five studies were included in this meta\u2010analysis. The weighted mean effect size for immediate, short\u2010term, and long\u2010term effects was 0.409 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; 95% CI [0.280, 0.537]), 0.303 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; 95% CI [0.189, 0.417]), and 0.201 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05; 95% CI [\u22120.001, 0.404]), respectively. Studies with prostate cancer patients had a significantly higher short\u2010term (0.588) and long\u2010term weight mean effect size (0.531) than studies with breast (0.128, \u22120.072) or other cancers (0.287, 0.215). Higher radiotherapy dosage was significantly associated with a higher effect size for both immediate (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0002, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) and short\u2010term (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0002, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linking Evidence to Action<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings from this meta\u2010analysis indicated that radiotherapy\u2010induced fatigue (RIF) exist for more than 3\u2009months after the completion of treatment. Assessment of radiation\u2010induced fatigue in cancer patients should extend long after treatment completion, especially for patients with prostate cancer and patients receiving a higher radiation dose. Interventions to reduce fatigue tailored for different treatment phases may be developed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T05:30:40Z","timestamp":1691991040000},"page":"234-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Changes in fatigue among cancer patients before, during, and after radiation therapy: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Yuanpei University of Medical Technology  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsui\u2010Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Tao\u2010Yuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Tung\u2010Chieh","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Tao\u2010Yuan Linkou Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Chang Gung University  Tao\u2010Yuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woung\u2010Ru","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Tao\u2010Yuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Tao\u2010Yuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4178-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei\u2010Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Tao\u2010Yuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine Chang Gung Memorial  Tao\u2010Yuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2022.100960"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102407\u201012\u2010251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. 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