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Both whole organ pancreas and islet allotransplantation have been shown to grant patients insulin independence, but organ availability has restricted these procedures to an exceptionally small subset of the diabetic population. Porcine islet xenotransplantation has been pursued as a potential means of overcoming the limits of allotransplantation, and several preclinical studies have achieved near\u2010physiologic function and year\u2010long survival in clinically relevant pig\u2010to\u2010primate model systems. These proof\u2010of\u2010concept studies have suggested that xenogeneic islets may be poised for use in clinical trials. In this review, we examine recent progress in islet xenotransplantation, with a critical eye toward the gaps between the current state of the art and the state required for appropriate clinical investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T06:55:53Z","timestamp":1399532153000},"page":"221-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Islet cell xenotransplantation: a serious look toward the clinic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kannan P.","family":"Samy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan D.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007273430401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-008-0057-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000140754.26575.2a","article-title":"Transplantation for type I diabetes: comparison of vascularized whole\u2010organ pancreas with isolated pancreatic islets","volume":"240","author":"Frank A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"www.citrregistry.org.Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry 2010 Annual Report. 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