{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T14:06:50Z","timestamp":1696169210673},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH NIDDK","award":["R44DK070400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44DK070400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porcine islet xenotransplantation is emerging as a potential alternative for allogeneic clinical islet transplantation. Optimization of porcine islet isolation in terms of yield and quality is critical for the success and cost\u2010effectiveness of this approach. Incomplete pancreas distention and inhomogeneous enzyme distribution have been identified as key factors for limiting viable islet yield per porcine pancreas. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) as a tool to investigate the homogeneity of enzyme delivery in porcine pancreata. Traditional and novel methods for enzyme delivery aimed at optimizing enzyme distribution were examined. Pancreata were procured from Landrace pigs via <jats:italic>en bloc<\/jats:italic> viscerectomy. The main pancreatic duct was then cannulated with an 18\u2010g winged catheter and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> performed at 1.5\u2010T. Images were collected before and after ductal infusion of chilled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> contrast agent (gadolinium) in physiological saline. Regions of the distal aspect of the splenic lobe and portions of the connecting lobe and bridge exhibited reduced delivery of solution when traditional methods of distention were utilized. Use of alternative methods of delivery (such as selective re\u2010cannulation and distention of identified problem regions) resolved these issues, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was successfully utilized as a guide and assessment tool for improved delivery. Current methods of porcine pancreas distention do not consistently deliver enzyme uniformly or adequately to all regions of the pancreas. Novel methods of enzyme delivery should be investigated and implemented for improved enzyme distribution. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> serves as a valuable tool to visualize and evaluate the efficacy of current and prospective methods of pancreas distention and enzyme delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T10:39:59Z","timestamp":1404297599000},"page":"473-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging: a tool to monitor and optimize enzyme distribution during porcine pancreas distention for islet isolation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"William E.","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley P.","family":"Weegman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Appakalai N.","family":"Balamurugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Ferrer\u2010Fabrega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Anazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Karatzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA"},{"name":"2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tun","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuchiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efstathios S.","family":"Avgoustiniatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen S.","family":"Maynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E. R.","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard J.","family":"Hering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klearchos K.","family":"Papas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2009.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/000000006783982052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2008.00456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2011.00632.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2009.00541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2008.00504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Isolation, culture and functional evaluation of islets of Langerhans","volume":"24","author":"London NJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Crucial role of pancreatic ductal collagenase injection for isolation of pancreatic islets","volume":"25","author":"Gotoh M","year":"1990","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31818bfda1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"TaylorMJ BaicuSC.Hypothermic perfusion of pancreas: Emphasis on preservation prior to islet isolation. 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