{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:25:00Z","timestamp":1792787100342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,5]],"date-time":"2014-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01DK068717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK068717"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R44 DK070400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 DK070400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Porcine islet xenotransplantation is a promising alternative to human islet allotransplantation. Porcine pancreas cooling needs to be optimized to reduce the warm ischemia time (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) following donation after cardiac death, which is associated with poorer islet isolation outcomes. This study examines the effect of four different cooling\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    on core porcine pancreas temperature (n\u00a0=\u00a024) and histopathology (n\u00a0=\u00a016). All\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    involved surface cooling with crushed ice and chilled irrigation.\n                    <jats:italic>Method A,<\/jats:italic>\n                    which is the standard for porcine pancreas procurement, used only surface cooling.\n                    <jats:italic>Method B<\/jats:italic>\n                    involved an intravascular flush with cold solution through the pancreas arterial system.\n                    <jats:italic>Method C<\/jats:italic>\n                    involved an intraductal infusion with cold solution through the major pancreatic duct, and\n                    <jats:italic>Method D<\/jats:italic>\n                    combined all three cooling\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Surface cooling alone (\n                    <jats:italic>Method A)<\/jats:italic>\n                    gradually decreased core pancreas temperature to &lt;10\u00a0\u00b0C after 30\u00a0min. Using an intravascular flush (\n                    <jats:italic>Method B)<\/jats:italic>\n                    improved cooling during the entire duration of procurement, but incorporating an intraductal infusion (\n                    <jats:italic>Method C<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) rapidly reduced core temperature 15\u201320\u00a0\u00b0C within the first 2\u00a0min of cooling. Combining all methods (\n                    <jats:italic>Method D<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was the most effective at rapidly reducing temperature and providing sustained cooling throughout the duration of procurement, although the recorded\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was not different between\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    (P\u00a0=\u00a00.36). Histological scores were different between the cooling\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    (P\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and the worst with\n                    <jats:italic>Method A<\/jats:italic>\n                    . There were differences in histological scores between\n                    <jats:italic>Methods A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    (P\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and\n                    <jats:italic>Methods A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    (P\u00a0=\u00a00.02), but not between\n                    <jats:italic>Methods C<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    (P\u00a0=\u00a00.95), which may highlight the importance of early cooling using an intraductal infusion. In conclusion, surface cooling alone cannot rapidly cool large (porcine or human) pancreata. Additional cooling with an intravascular flush and intraductal infusion results in improved core porcine pancreas temperature profiles during procurement and histopathology scores. These data may also have implications on human pancreas procurement as use of an intraductal infusion is not common practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,5]],"date-time":"2014-07-05T04:17:33Z","timestamp":1404533853000},"page":"574-581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Temperature profiles of different cooling methods in porcine pancreas procurement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bradley P.","family":"Weegman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Schulze Diabetes Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Suszynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Schulze Diabetes Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"William E.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Schulze Diabetes Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Institute for Cellular Transplantation University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Ferrer F\u00e1brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Schulze Diabetes Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstathios S.","family":"Avgoustiniatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Schulze Diabetes Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Anazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Schulze Diabetes Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Rizzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Schulze Diabetes Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Karatzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tun","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Institute for Cellular Transplantation University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E. 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