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As human cytomegalovirus causes severe transplant rejection in allotransplantation, considerable concern is warranted on the potential pathogenicity of porcine cytomegalovirus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCMV<\/jats:styled-content>) in the setting of xenotransplantation. On the other hand, despite having a similar name, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCMV<\/jats:styled-content> is different from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCMV<\/jats:styled-content>. The impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCMV<\/jats:styled-content> infection on pigs is known; however, the influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCMV<\/jats:styled-content> on the human transplant recipient is unclear. However, first transplantations of pig organs infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCMV<\/jats:styled-content> into non\u2010human primates were associated with a significant reduction of the survival time of the transplants. 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