{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:25:24Z","timestamp":1753885524355},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI066310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI066310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rejection of Gal\u2010free (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTKO<\/jats:styled-content>) donor pig cardiac xenografts is strongly associated with vascular non\u2010Gal antibody binding, endothelial cell (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>) injury, and activation and microvascular thrombosis. We adopted a pig\u2010to\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCID<\/jats:styled-content>\/beige small animal transplant model to compare the pathogenicity of baboon and human anti\u2010pig antibody.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wild\u2010type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTKO<\/jats:styled-content> porcine coronary arteries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>s) were transplanted into the infrarenal aorta of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCID<\/jats:styled-content>\/beige mice. Three days after transplant, recipients were infused with anti\u2010pig antibody (anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> class I, an isotype control, naive or sensitized baboon serum, or naive human serum). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>s were recovered 24\u00a0h after antibody infusion and examined using histology, immunohistochemistry, and in\u00a0situ hybridization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dose\u2010dependent intragraft thrombosis occurred after infusion of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> I antibody (but not isotype control) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTKO PCA<\/jats:styled-content> recipients. Naive baboon serum induced thrombosis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> grafts. Thrombosis was significantly reduced by pre\u2010treating naive baboon serum with Gal polymer and not observed when this serum was infused to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTKO PCA<\/jats:styled-content> recipients. Naive human serum caused dose\u2010dependent intragraft thrombosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GTKO PCA<\/jats:styled-content>s. In all cases, thrombosis involved graft\u2010specific vascular antibody and complement deposition, macrophage adherence, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content> delamination, and subendothelial thrombus formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides the first direct in\u00a0vivo comparison of the pathogenicity of naive human and baboon serum. The results suggest that human preformed non\u2010Gal antibody may have increased pathogenicity compared to baboon. This model, which showed a rejected graft histopathology similar to antibody\u2010mediated rejection in cardiac xenotransplantation, may be useful to assess the pathogenicity of individual protein or carbohydrate specific non\u2010Gal reactive antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T12:32:26Z","timestamp":1445603546000},"page":"458-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A pig\u2010to\u2010mouse coronary artery transplantation model for investigating the pathogenicity of anti\u2010pig antibody"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guerard W.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeji","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heide","family":"Kogelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mozammel H.","family":"Gazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry D.","family":"Tazelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Scottsdale AZ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G. 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