{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:58:35Z","timestamp":1777550315180,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,11]],"date-time":"2016-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRR 127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR 127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>To prevent transmission of zoonotic microorganisms from pig transplants to human recipients when performing xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues, or organs, donor pigs have to be carefully characterized. G\u00f6ttingen minipigs (G\u00f6MP<\/jats:styled-content>) are often used for various biomedical investigations and are well characterized concerning the presence of numerous bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Recently, we studied the prevalence and expression of porcine endogenous retroviruses and the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV<\/jats:styled-content>) in G\u00f6MP<\/jats:styled-content>. Here, we studied the presence of the porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV<\/jats:styled-content>) and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV<\/jats:styled-content>) and extended testing for hepatitis E virus (HEV<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, nested PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, real\u2010time PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, real\u2010time RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, and Western blot analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of PCMV<\/jats:styled-content>, PLHV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, PLHV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, PLHV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103, and HEV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Using different PCR<\/jats:styled-content> methods, and different source materials, PCMV<\/jats:styled-content> was found in 10 of 26 adult G\u00f6MP<\/jats:styled-content>, which had been derived originally by cesarean section and kept under specified pathogen\u2010free conditions. Only highly sensitive methods gave positive results, not methods of lower sensitivity. The virus load in all positive animals was low (<100\u2013200 copies per mL). PLHV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, PLHV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, and PLHV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 were not detected by PCR<\/jats:styled-content>; however, an anti\u2010PLHV<\/jats:styled-content> immune response was found in one of 10 animals tested by Western blot analyses. HEV<\/jats:styled-content> was detected by RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content> in two of nine tested animals, but no anti\u2010HEV<\/jats:styled-content> immune response was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Using highly sensitive methods, PCMV<\/jats:styled-content>, HEV<\/jats:styled-content>, and PLHV<\/jats:styled-content> were found in some G\u00f6MP<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that these viruses may be introduced through the placenta. The results show that highly sensitive methods are required to characterize pigs to be used for xenotransplantation to prevent virus transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T04:06:59Z","timestamp":1473653219000},"page":"490-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Extended microbiological characterization of G\u00f6ttingen minipigs: porcine cytomegalovirus and other viruses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Morozov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and other Retroviruses Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Plotzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and other Retroviruses Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Rotem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beta\u2010O2<\/sub> Technologies Ltd. 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Rosh\u2010Haain Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Denner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and other Retroviruses Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31829bbcb2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2001.tb00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1997.tb01980.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"McAnultyPA HastingsKL GanderupNC.The Minipig in Biomedical Research.CRC Press\/Taylor and Francis Group 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05011-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8498-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008156017758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000141361.68446.1F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2765-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00006-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2008.00495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-12-3199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2004.00196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000228237.32549.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.5.1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2005.06.021"}],"container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fxen.12265","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fxen.12265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/xen.12265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T22:37:51Z","timestamp":1696027071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/xen.12265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/xen.12265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/xen.12265","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0908-665X","1399-3089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0908-665X","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,11]]}}}