{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:20:11Z","timestamp":1763202011235,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]],"date-time":"2016-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI068642","U19 AI090959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI068642","U19 AI090959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent reports of long\u2010term survival after wild\u2010type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>) pig\u2010to\u2010monkey corneal xenotransplantation are encouraging. We experienced the rapid development of retrocorneal membranes, a rare complication after corneal allotransplantation (although seen in infants and young children). The original specific aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with successful (young) pig corneal transplantation in monkeys. However, when it was obvious that retrocorneal membranes rapidly developed, our aims became to determine the factors involved in its development after both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> and Genetically engineered (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> ) pig corneal xenotransplantation and to investigate the characteristics of the retrocorneal membrane. Rhesus monkeys were recipients of penetrating keratoplasty using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> pigs (n=2, respectively, 1\u20103\u00a0months old). Local\/systemic steroids were administered for 3\u00a0months. Grafts were evaluated by slit lamp for corneal transparency, edema, and neovascularization. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Gal staining was also carried out to distinguish the origin of the membrane. All penetrating keratoplasty recipients developed fibrous retrocorneal membranes in the early post\u2010transplantation period, regardless of whether the graft was from a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> pig. There were no features of rejection, with no cell infiltrate in the graft or anterior chamber during the three\u2010month follow\u2010up. There was no difference in the clinical course between the two groups (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> corneas). Immunohistochemistry indicated that the retrocorneal membranes were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CK<\/jats:styled-content> negative, \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> positive, and vimentin positive, suggesting that they were of fibrous (keratocytic) origin. Also, the membrane was Gal positive, suggesting that it is derived from pig cornea. Following pig\u2010to\u2010monkey corneal xenotransplantation, we report that retrocorneal membranes are derived from donor pig keratocytes. Prevention of retrocorneal membranes will be necessary to achieve successful corneal xenotransplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]],"date-time":"2016-11-05T05:49:43Z","timestamp":1478324983000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of retrocorneal membrane following pig\u2010to\u2010monkey penetrating keratoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Whayoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Mammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye and Ear Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepinder K.","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye and Ear Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ayares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Revivicor  Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David K.C.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.07.685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181f237ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e328344870c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2007.00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6947"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2010.00608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2010.00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Development of anti\u2010pig antibodies and characterization of B cell phenotype following wild\u2010type pig\u2010to\u2010monkey corneal xenotransplantation","volume":"20","author":"Hara H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2013.787104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500249200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.51.6.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-20010301-15","article-title":"Retrocorneal membrane after penetrating keratoplasty","volume":"32","author":"Lifshitz T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2009.02050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318296e0f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74450-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Clinical and histological findings of retrocorneal membrane after keratoplasty","volume":"13","author":"Li Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Yan Ke Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80904-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-014-3053-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3182782a4b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30094-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"[Suitability of newborn donor corneal graft in penetrating keratoplasty]","volume":"83","author":"Belmonte J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000027517"}],"container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fxen.12276","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fxen.12276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/xen.12276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T20:11:22Z","timestamp":1696191082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/xen.12276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/xen.12276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/xen.12276","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0908-665X","1399-3089"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0908-665X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1399-3089"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]]},"article-number":"e12276"}}