{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:26:01Z","timestamp":1792092361425,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,14]],"date-time":"2018-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI090959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI090959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An important question in xenotransplantation is whether an allotransplant can safely be carried out in a patient who has become sensitized to a pig xenograft. To answer this question, we have searched the literature. We primarily limited our review to the clinically relevant pig\u2010to\u2010non\u2010human primate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>) model and found five studies that explored this topic. No <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content> that had received a pig graft developed antibodies to alloantigens, and in vitro studies indicated no increased humoral and\/or cellular alloreactivity. We carried out a small in vitro study ourselves that confirmed this conclusion. There have been three experiments in which patients undergoing dialysis were exposed to wild\u2010type pig kidneys and three clinical studies related to bridging a patient in hepatic failure to liver allotransplantation. Despite the development of anti\u2010pig antibodies, all subsequent organ (kidney or liver) allografts were successful (except possibly in one case). In addition, pig fetal islets were transplanted into patients with kidney allografts; there was no increase in panel\u2010reactive alloantibodies and the kidney grafts continued to function satisfactorily. In conclusion, the limited data suggest that, after sensitization to pig antigens, there is no evidence of antibody\u2010mediated or accelerated cellular rejection of a subsequent allograft.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,14]],"date-time":"2018-04-14T23:22:12Z","timestamp":1523748132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Is sensitization to pig antigens detrimental to subsequent allotransplantation?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7835-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham AL USA"},{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital University of South China  Hengyang City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4179-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4410-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Breimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital University of South China  Hengyang City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8899-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David K. 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