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This study investigates whether labeling neonatal porcine islets (NPI) with polyvinylpyrrolidone\u2010coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PVP\u2010SPIO) affects their function, and whether this nanoparticle can be utilized to monitor NPI xenografts with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a mouse model. In vitro, PVP\u2010SPIO\u2010labeled NPI in an agarose gel was visualized clearly by MRI. PVP\u2010SPIO\u2010labeled islets were then transplanted under the kidney capsules of immunodeficient nondiabetic and diabetic mice. All diabetic mice that received transplantation of PVP\u2010SPIO\u2010labeled islets reached normoglycemia. Grafts appeared as hypo\u2010intense areas on MRI and were distinguishable from the surrounding tissues. Following injection of spleen cells from immunocompetent mice, normoglycemic recipient mice became diabetic and islet grafts showed an increase in volume, accompanied by a mixed signal on MRI. Overall, this study demonstrates that PVP\u2010SPIO did not affect the function of NPI that PVP\u2010SPIO\u2010labeled islets were easily seen on MRI, and changes in MRI signals following rejection suggest a potential use of PVP\u2010SPIO\u2010labeled islets to monitor graft viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T05:52:02Z","timestamp":1638337922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MRI monitoring of transplanted neonatal porcine islets labeled with polyvinylpyrrolidone\u2010coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in a mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kieran","family":"Purich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Ray Rajotte Surgical\u2010Medical Research 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