{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:02:58Z","timestamp":1764586978513,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three excellent presentations at an industry\u2010sponsored symposium at the (virtual) congress of the combined IXA\/CTRMS (September 23\u201325, 2021) were directed to the value and limitations of the pig\u2010to\u2010nonhuman primate (NHP) kidney transplantation model. Daniel Firl and James Markmann provided a meta\u2010analysis comparing the results of kidney allotransplantation and xenotransplantation in NHPs during the past 25 years. Remarkably, the authors had identified 73 published reports that included 910 individual experiments. Although recipient survival after allotransplantation was longer, the superiority over the survival of xenografts was less than anticipated. Given the excellent short\u2010 and medium\u2010term results of clinical kidney allotransplantation today, these data provide hope that the results of clinical pig kidney xenotransplantation may prove significantly better than in NHPs. The authors identified several factors that were shown to statistically influence the success or failure of xenotransplantation. Jean Kwun provided valuable information relating to the longstanding question of whether the survival of a pig organ would be jeopardized if transplanted into an allosensitized recipient. He demonstrated that pig kidney transplantation in an HLA\u2010sensitized patient may be at a disadvantage, although multiple genetic engineering of the organ\u2010source pig significantly delayed rejection. In the initial clinical trials, therefore, it would seem wise to exclude any patient with evidence of anti\u2010HLA antibodies. Andrew Adams reported longer survival (&gt;1 year) of Rhesus monkeys with life\u2010supporting pig kidney grafts than has been achieved previously. Although not consistently achieved, these excellent results were obtained with an anti\u2010CD154mAb\u2010based regimen after CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell and partial CD20<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>B cell depletion. Factors that might have contributed to this success, including the phenotype of the pig, the species of the recipient, the recipient's anti\u2010pig antibody level, and the immunosuppressive regimen, were discussed. Importantly, pig kidney function appeared to be normal in long\u2010term surviving monkeys. Each study contributed to our goal of introducing xenotransplantation into the clinic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T08:28:34Z","timestamp":1641803314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Recent progress in the pig\u2010to\u2010nonhuman primate kidney transplantation model: Report of a symposium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8899-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David K.C.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"e12644","article-title":"The first clinical trial \u2013 kidney or heart?","author":"Cooper DKC","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lett Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"FirlDJ MarkmannJF Measuring success in pig to non\u2010human\u2010primate renal xenotransplantation: systemic review and meta\u2010analysis of a quarter century of life sustaining NHP renal allo\u2010 and xeno\u2010transplantation.Presentation at the eGenesis\u2010sponsored symposium at the IXA\/CTRMS (virtual) congress September 23 25.2021.https:\/\/app.ixa\u2010ctrms2021.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"KwunJ Xenokidney transplantation in highly sensitized NHP model.Presentation at the eGenesis\u2010sponsored symposium at the IXA\/CTRMS (virtual) congress September 23\u201325 2021.https:\/\/app.ixa-ctrms2021.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-019-01123-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003632"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12701","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12701","article-title":"Evidence that sensitization to triple\u2010knockout pig cells will not be detrimental to subsequent allotransplantation","author":"Hara H","year":"2021","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"AdamsAB Progress in kidney xenotransplantation.Presentation at the eGenesis\u2010sponsored symposium at the IXA\/CTRMS (virtual) congress September 23\u201325 2021.https:\/\/app.ixa\u2010ctrms2021.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200006150-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Long\u2010term survival of nonhuman primates receiving life\u2010supporting transgenic porcine kidney xenografts","volume":"70","author":"Cozzi E","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12516"}],"container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/xen.12728","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/xen.12728","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/xen.12728","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T15:56:41Z","timestamp":1700063801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/xen.12728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/xen.12728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/xen.12728","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0908-665X","1399-3089"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0908-665X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1399-3089"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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