{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:13:39Z","timestamp":1780514019513,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pig kidney xenotransplantation is increasingly regarded as a realistic solution to the current shortage of human organ donors for patients with end\u2010stage organ failure. Recently, the news of three pig\u2010to\u2010human transplantation cases has awakened public interest. Notably, the case by the Alabama team reported detailed and important findings for the xenotransplantation field. Using a genetically modified pig, two porcine kidneys were transplanted into a brain\u2010dead recipient. They applied several approaches established in the preclinical NHP study, including gene\u2010edited pig kidney graft and preoperative laboratory inspection such as crossmatching and infection screening. The pig\u2010to\u2010human kidney xenotransplantation had no unexpected events during surgery or evidence of hyperacute rejection. Unfortunately, the grafts did not work appropriately, and the study had to be terminated due to the decompensation of the recipient. While this study demonstrated the outstanding achievement in this research area, it also revealed remaining gaps to move xenotransplantation to the clinic. While brain\u2010dead human recipients could reinforce the compatibility achievements of gene\u2010edited pigs in NHP, their pro\u2010inflammatory and pro\u2010coagulant environment, in combination with short\u2010duration of experiments will limit the assessment of kidney function, infection and rejection risk post\u2010transplant, in particular antibody\u2010mediated rejection. The use of successful immunosuppressive protocols of non\u2010human primates xenotransplant experiments including anti\u2010CD154 antibody will be critical to maximize the success in the first in\u2010human trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T11:08:41Z","timestamp":1653563321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pig\u2010to\u2010human kidney transplantation using brain\u2010dead donors as recipients: One giant leap, or only one small step for transplantkind?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7122-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ganchiku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transplantation Sciences Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo V.","family":"Riella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transplantation Sciences Department of Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston 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