{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:58:43Z","timestamp":1790614723507,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pig\u2010derived tissues could overcome the shortage of human donor organs in transplantation. However, the glycans with terminal \u03b1\u2010Gal and Neu5Gc, which are synthesized by enzymes, encoded by the genes <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CMAH<\/jats:italic>, are known to play a major role in immunogenicity of porcine tissue, ultimately leading to xenograft rejection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycome and glycosphingolipidome of native and decellularized porcine pericardia from wildtype (WT), <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO and <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>CMAH\u2010<\/jats:italic>KO pigs were analyzed by multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis coupled to laser\u2010induced fluorescence detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified biantennary and core\u2010fucosylated <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycans terminating with immunogenic \u03b1\u2010Gal\u2010 and \u03b1\u2010Gal\u2010\/Neu5Gc\u2010epitopes on pericardium of WT pigs that were absent in <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>CMAH<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO pigs, respectively. Levels of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycans terminating with galactose bound in \u03b2(1\u20104)\u2010linkage to <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylglucosamine and their derivatives elongated by Neu5Ac were increased in both KO groups. <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010glycans capped with Neu5Gc were increased in <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO pigs compared to WT, but were not detected in <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>CMAH<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO pigs. Similarly, the ganglioside Neu5Gc\u2010GM3 was found in WT and <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO but not in <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>CMAH<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO pigs. The applied detergent based decellularization efficiently removed GSL glycans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic deletion of <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>GGTA1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>CMAH<\/jats:italic> removes specific epitopes providing a more human\u2010like glycosylation pattern, but at the same time changes distribution and levels of other porcine glycans that are potentially immunogenic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T08:50:18Z","timestamp":1683363018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Genetic knockout of porcine <i>GGTA1<\/i> or <i>CMAH<\/i>\/<i>GGTA1<\/i> is associated with the emergence of 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