{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:53:04Z","timestamp":1774929184491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20pc0101056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20pc0101056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23mk0121265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23mk0121265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pigs have been utilized as the donor animal for xenotransplantation, a promising solution to the continued shortage of organ donor. However, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), a gamma retrovirus present in all pig genomes, remains a major concern for the microbiological safety of donor pigs. Therefore, accurately assessing the risk of PERV infection is essential for the clinical application of xenotransplantation. To improve the evaluation of PERV infectivity, here we developed a new in vitro co\u2010culture method for porcine and human cells, applying flowcytometric cell sorter for specific isolation of human cells. This method allows direct contact between porcine and human cells without special treatment that would affect PERV replication, which is better simulating the situation observed in in vivo xenotransplantation. Using this method, we identified several possible factors affecting PERV infectivity, including the period during which porcine and human cells are in contact, the number of porcine cells used, and the levels of PERV mRNA expression in porcine cells. Notably, we found that the PERV infection of human cells can occur within the first 24 h of contact if porcine cells are of a high\u2010risk type for PERV infection, which is not confirmed by any types of conventional co\u2010culture methods. Our result emphasized the importance of selecting appropriate donor pigs with lower risk of PERV infection. Our newly developed method may help the testing and selection of pigs with lower risk of PERV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T12:26:31Z","timestamp":1757939191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Infectivity to Human Cells Using Flowcytometric Isolation After Co\u2010Culture"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1736-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroto","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science Department of Applied Biological Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Setsunan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Uryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science Department of Applied Biological Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Setsunan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shodai","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science Department of Applied Biological Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Setsunan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takamitsu","family":"Tsukahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Institute of Nutrition &amp; Pathology  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9940-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meiji University International Institute for Bio\u2010Resource Research  Kawasaki Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering Department of Life Sciences School of Agriculture Meiji University  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7233-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Science Department of Applied Biological Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Setsunan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldx043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.06.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0397-282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.3082-3087.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199904010-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2000.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Effects of Different Doses of X\u2010Ray Irradiation on Cell Apoptosis, Cell Cycle, DNA Damage Repair and Glycolysis in HeLa Cells","volume":"17","author":"Zhao H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2013.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"No Evidence for PERV Release by Islet Cells From German Landrace Pigs","volume":"13","author":"Irgang M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2021.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.10R16FM"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Hypor Products Hypor website accessed June 1 2025 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