{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:01:26Z","timestamp":1787839286483,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Xenotransplantation\u2014the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from animals to humans\u2014has the potential to help overcome the global shortage of human donor organs. However, its success depends on public and professional acceptance, which may vary across cultural and religious contexts. This study evaluated the attitudes of key stakeholders in Turkey, including healthcare providers, kidney transplant recipients, and dialysis patients, toward kidney xenotransplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted in Turkey among 405 participants: 197 healthcare providers, 114 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), and 94 dialysis patients. Attitudes toward kidney xenotransplantation were assessed using a 32\u2010item questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of acceptance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall acceptance was highest when xenotransplantation outcomes were equivalent to human transplants, and substantially lower when outcomes were inferior. Religious appropriateness was the strongest independent predictor of acceptance in both scenarios. For equal outcomes, additional predictors included higher education, lower perceived risk, and male gender. For inferior outcomes, greater acceptance was associated with male gender and being a dialysis patient. Awareness of xenotransplantation remained limited, but over 65% expressed interest in learning more. While concerns about immunologic rejection and infection were common, fear of social stigma was relatively low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this predominantly Muslim population, kidney xenotransplantation acceptance is shaped by religious beliefs, gender, education level, risk perception, and patient status. Culturally sensitive communication and targeted education\u2014especially addressing religious and safety concerns\u2014may be essential for promoting informed acceptance of xenotransplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T11:06:44Z","timestamp":1764155204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Attitudes Toward Kidney Xenotransplantation Among Turkish Healthcare Providers, Dialysis Patients, and Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4341-5252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyda Gul","family":"Ozcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mevlut Tamer","family":"Dincer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertugrul","family":"Erol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Alagoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulay","family":"Kocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Prof. Dr. Cemil Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu City Hospital University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Gulcicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kubra","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukiye","family":"Inal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salih","family":"Pekmezci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"Trabulus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7427-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurhan","family":"Seyahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/turkjnephrol.2024.24722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201422"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gene\u2010Modified Pig\u2010to\u2010Human Liver 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