{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:37Z","timestamp":1787016157311,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ILLU\u2010538\u2010994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ILLU\u2010538\u2010994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\u201067015\u201044928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\u201067015\u201044928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are present in the germ lines of domesticated pigs (\n                    <jats:italic>Sus scrofa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and related suids. There are three types of PERVs, PERV\u2010A, \u2010B, and \u2010C, which differ in their host range. PERV\u2010A and \u2010B can infect human and porcine cells, while PERV\u2010C only infects porcine cells. PERV\u2010A and \u2010B are found in the genomes of all pigs, while PERV\u2010C is found in most but not all pigs. Although many PERV provirus insertions are defective, in vitro culture of porcine cells has produced infectious virions of all three types as well as PERV\u2010A\/C recombinants, which show enhanced replication competence. Identifying pigs that are PERV\u2010C negative could help prevent such recombination events and would advance the development of porcine germplasm as a safer source of xenografts for humans. Here, we present the results of extensive screening involving 142 Landrace, Duroc, Large White, and crossbred pigs using up to nine primer pairs to identify putative PERV\u2010C\u2010negative animals. Long\u2010read whole genome sequencing was conducted on a subset of four pigs (one PERV\u2010C PCR positive and three PERV\u2010C PCR putative negatives), which confirmed their status as PERV\u2010C positive or negative, respectively. Our results confirmed that the screened pigs were truly PERV\u2010C negative, establishing the existence of PERV\u2010C\u2010negative germplasm within the herd. These findings support the feasibility of developing or selecting PERV\u2010C\u2010negative pigs as a source of germplasm for xenotransplantation and other biomedical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T15:45:37Z","timestamp":1768578337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic Validation of PERV\u2010C\u2010Free Pigs to Support Xenotransplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0856-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neal R.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Madrigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuko","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4798-660X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Catchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari L.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytotheryx, Inc.  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-8299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent","family":"Pepin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pork Board  Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9217-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred L.","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2020.100585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.13681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u20103089.2009.00541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05011\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985\u2010022\u201001742\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743\u2010422X\u20103\u201091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865\u20101682.2011.01210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705\u2010008\u20100141\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13880\u201013890.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8080215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u20103089.2009.00544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Genome\u2010Wide Inactivation of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs)","volume":"350","author":"Luhan Y.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science (New York, New York)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddtec.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11622"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giaa051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095\u20108137.2021.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2021.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9986\u20109991.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u20103089.2009.00515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705\u2010012\u20101490\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"S.Swart A.Robinson D.Jonouchi et\u00a0al. 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