{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1790694178670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The critical shortage of donor hearts and the limitations of current mechanical circulatory support devices underscore the need for alternative strategies to address end\u2010stage heart failure. Selective endothelial decellularization has emerged as a promising approach to reduce graft immunogenicity by removing donor endothelial cells while preserving myocardial architecture, thereby enabling subsequent repopulation with recipient\u2010derived cells. However, this technique has never been applied to an intact porcine heart. This pilot study aimed to develop an ex vivo model for partial decellularization of the coronary vasculature in whole porcine hearts. Four hearts were perfused through the aortic root using a controlled circuit, applying variable concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or trypsin, followed by washout solutions including saline, distilled water, or hypothermic Buckberg cardioplegia. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were performed on coronary arteries and ventricular myocardium to assess endothelial removal and tissue preservation. Across all experiments, SDS perfusion achieved effective qualitative and quantitative endothelial decellularization of large\u2010caliber coronary arteries while maintaining the integrity of the internal elastic lamina, extracellular matrix, and myocardial structure. The hypothermic cardioplegic washout protocol demonstrated the highest efficacy, with marked loss of endothelial nuclei and decreased expression of CD31, without evidence of myocardial cell depletion. These findings provide preliminary evidence that selective endothelial decellularization of whole porcine hearts is feasible using SDS under controlled hypothermic conditions. This model may represent an essential step toward generating immunologically compatible xenogeneic hearts through subsequent autologous endothelial repopulation. Further studies are required to standardize the protocol, evaluate microvascular compartments, and explore effective recellularization strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T04:23:34Z","timestamp":1779596614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Breaking Barriers: Proof of Concept for Selective Coronary Endothelial Decellularization in Whole Porcine Hearts for Xenotransplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5129-5190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Pradegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery Unit, Heart Transplant and MCS Program Verona University Hospital  Verona Italy"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Lab Institute of Pediatric Research \u201cCitt\u00e0 Della Speranza\u201d  Padova Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Translational Specialistic Medicine \u201cG.B. Morgagni\u201d, Curriculum Cardiovascular Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Lab Institute of Pediatric Research \u201cCitt\u00e0 Della Speranza\u201d  Padova Italy"},{"name":"Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health Department University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Lab Institute of Pediatric Research \u201cCitt\u00e0 Della Speranza\u201d  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tea","family":"Lena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health Department University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Zanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health Department University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Immunology Department Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health Department University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gino","family":"Gerosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veneto Region Health Department  Venice Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2308285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569\u2010023\u201000902\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Senage C. 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