{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:33:14Z","timestamp":1793435594203,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HL158504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HL158504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI090959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI090959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1 AI153612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1 AI153612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI191384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI191384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used inflammatory biomarker. We evaluated CRP alongside tissue injury markers in non\u2010human primate (NHP) models of kidney and heart allo\u2010 and xeno\u2010transplantation to assess CRP's sensitivity in detecting graft\u2010specific inflammatory responses (acute rejection), and explored CRP elevations in the absence of clinically evident graft injury. A secondary objective compared CRP dynamics between NHP species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010two baboon or cynomolgus monkey NHPs received kidney (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12) or heart (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 7) xenografts, or kidney (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12) or heart (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11) allografts. In serum obtained before transplant, after graft revascularization on the day of transplant, and at defined post\u2010operative intervals, CRP, creatinine (kidney), and troponin\u2010I (heart) were measured and correlated with clinical events and histopathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baboons exhibited higher baseline and pre\u2010transplant CRP levels than cynomolgus monkeys (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05). Following kidney xenotransplantation, CRP rose to higher levels in baboons than cynomolgus monkeys (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05). In association with episodes of histologically confirmed graft rejection, CRP elevations preceded rises in creatinine (kidney) or troponin\u2010I (heart) by 7\u201314 days. Additionally, CRP elaboration was observed in association with opportunistic infection and surgical procedures such as graft biopsies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As reflected by CRP dynamics, systemic inflammation is associated with organ allo\u2010 and xenotransplantation in NHPs. We conclude that CRP is a potentially valuable marker of inflammation that, when interpreted alongside organ\u2010specific biomarkers, quantifies the severity of immune activation associated with graft injury and detects additional inflammatory events, which may be clinically occult but influence experimental outcomes. CRP could be a valuable biometric adjunct in multi\u2010parametric inflammation monitoring in transplantation and other disease models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:52:16Z","timestamp":1789620736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["C\u2010Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Inflammation and Graft Injury After Kidney and Heart Allo\u2010 and Xenotransplantation Into Non\u2010Human Primates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7322-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tjasa","family":"Zaletel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery Mass General Brigham\/Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6401-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela F.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery Mass General Brigham\/Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3314-3716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Habibabady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery Mass General Brigham\/Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4809-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Dufault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery Mass General Brigham\/Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3267-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery Mass General Brigham\/Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery Mass General Brigham\/Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasinath","family":"Kuravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Revivicor, Inc.  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ayares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Revivicor, Inc.  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Whitworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Swine Resource and Research Center (NSRRC)  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eGenesis Inc.  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