{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:51:48Z","timestamp":1792054308521,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetically engineered pig kidneys have entered early clinical use, but attitudes among kidney transplant\u2010related individuals remain poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this preliminary, exploratory, single\u2010center cross\u2010sectional survey, 101 consecutive eligible adults attending a kidney transplant clinic were approached, and 100 kidney transplant candidates, recipients, and living donors completed a paper, self\u2010administered questionnaire (99.0% participation). We descriptively assessed acceptability, conditions for acceptance, and preferred kidney source. Group comparisons and analyses of factors associated with acceptance were exploratory secondary analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 79.0% (95% CI, 70.0%\u201385.8%) were accepting of xenotransplantation: 27.0% were willing and 52.0% were conditionally willing. Among conditionally willing participants, 82.7% required assurance of safety and 63.5% required long\u2010term outcome data. Among 87 participants who ranked kidney sources, only 6.9% ranked a pig kidney first and 64.4% ranked it last. Acceptance rates were similar among candidates, recipients, and donors in exploratory comparisons. Physician\u2010related trust was associated with acceptance in exploratory analyses, but interpretation was limited by conceptual overlap between the trust and acceptance items.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this preliminary survey, acceptance of xenotransplantation was high but predominantly conditional, and a pig kidney was rarely preferred. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm the exploratory secondary findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:41:36Z","timestamp":1792053696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attitudes Toward Xenotransplantation Among Kidney Transplant Recipients, Candidates, and Living Donors: A Cross\u2010Sectional Survey in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5475-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuya","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tenshi","family":"Makiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akane","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4098-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michihiro","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Annual Progress Report From the Japanese Renal Transplant Registry: Number of Renal Transplantations in 2023 and Follow\u2010Up Survey","volume":"59","author":"Japanese Society for Clinical Renal Transplantation, The Japan Society for Transplantation","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ishoku (Japanese Journal of Transplantation)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"The Japan Society for Transplantation.Fact Book 2024 on Organ Transplantation in Japan. Section IV Kidney Transplantation. Accessed July 12 2026.2024 https:\/\/www.asas.or.jp\/jst\/pdf\/factbook\/factbook2024.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2412747"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"PorMedTec Co Ltd.Notice Regarding a Company\u2010Sponsored Clinical Trial of Xenogeneic Kidney Transplantation Using Japan's First Gene\u2010Edited Pigs [Press Release in Japanese](2026) accessed October 12 2026 https:\/\/framerusercontent.com\/assets\/lJ8yHuACVFKj1EITJ6XWCOvM.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"First WHO Global Consultation on Regulatory Requirements for Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials: The Changsha Communiqu\u00e9","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.03.015","article-title":"Research Opportunities and Ethical Considerations for Heart and Lung Xenotransplantation Research: A Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop","volume":"24","author":"Khush K. K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70105","article-title":"What Kind of Social Preparations Are Needed for Xenotransplantation? A Survey Study of the Japanese General Public","volume":"32","author":"Kamisato A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.70051","article-title":"Public Attitudes Toward Xenotransplantation in South Korea: A 2023 Survey Study","volume":"32","author":"Jeon H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01195-X","article-title":"Public Views on Xenotransplantation From the First Representative Sample Survey in the UK","volume":"406","author":"Al\u2010Haboubi M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.07.018","article-title":"Public Attitudes to Xenotransplantation: A National Survey in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Padilla L. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0002082020","article-title":"Attitudes to Clinical Pig Kidney Xenotransplantation Among Medical Providers and Patients","volume":"1","author":"Padilla L. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","unstructured":"Japan Organ Transplant Network Number of Patients Registered for Kidney Transplantation: Sex Age and Waiting\u2010Time Distributions as of June 30 2026[in Japanese] Accessed August 8 2026.https:\/\/www.jotnw.or.jp\/data\/kidneys.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202050274","article-title":"\u2018Xenotransplantation Challenges Us as a Society\u2019: What Well\u2010Informed Citizens Think About Xenotransplantation","volume":"21","author":"Kogel J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.5840\/ncbq202424337","article-title":"Xenotransplantation and Ethical Stewardship","volume":"24","author":"Bobier C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly"}],"container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/xen.70174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/xen.70174","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/xen.70174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:41:38Z","timestamp":1792053698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/xen.70174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/xen.70174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/xen.70174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0908-665X","1399-3089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0908-665X","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70174"}}