{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:40:11Z","timestamp":1787787611529,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]],"date-time":"2012-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cloacal swabs and caecal contents sampled from 58 cane toads (<jats:italic>Bufo marinus<\/jats:italic>) in St George\u2019s parish, Grenada, during a 7\u2010month period in 2011 were examined by an enrichment and selective culture method for presence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. Twenty\u2010four (41%) toads were positive for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. of which eight were <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Javiana, and eight were <jats:italic>S.\u00a0enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Rubislaw. The other serovars were as follows: Montevideo, 6; Arechavaleta, 1; and serovar: IV:43:\u2010:\u2010, 1. The high frequency of isolation of serovar Javiana, an emerging human pathogen associated with several outbreaks in the recent years in the eastern United States, suggests a possible role for cane toads in transmission of this serovar. Although <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Rubislaw has been isolated from lizards, bats and cases of some human infections, there is no report of its carriage by cane toads, and in such high frequency. The rate of carriage of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Montevideo, a cause for human foodborne outbreaks around the world was also over 10% in the 58 toads sampled in this study. The antimicrobial drug susceptibility tests against amoxicillin\u2010clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole showed that drug resistance is minimal and is of little concern. Antimicrobial resistance was limited to ampicillin and amoxicillin\u2010clavulanic acid in one isolate of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Javiana and one isolate of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0Rubislaw. This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of various <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> serovars not identified previously in cane toads in Grenada, West Indies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T14:04:27Z","timestamp":1351692267000},"page":"437-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prevalence of <i>Salmonella<\/i> spp. in Cane Toads (<i>Bufo marinus<\/i>) from Grenada, West Indies, and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Drake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Amadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Zieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hariharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.4.952"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.100999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from the Lujan River, Argentina","volume":"41","author":"Anselmo R. 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