{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T08:45:05Z","timestamp":1746693905762},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since World War <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, the military has experienced outbreaks of Q fever among deploying units including recent case reports of Q fever in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> military personnel returning from serving in the Middle East during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Occupational exposure and prevalence of Q fever among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> Army Veterinary Corps officers have not been examined. A retrospective serosurvey and observational study of 500 military veterinarians were conducted using archived serum specimens from military veterinarians who entered and served between 1989 and 2008 and were tested for exposure to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>oxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>. Corresponding longitudinal health\u2010related, demographic, medical and deployment data were examined. A total of 69 (13.8%) individuals at military entry and 85 (17%) had late career positive titres. A total of 18 (3.6%) individuals showed seroconversion. Women were more likely to be seropositive after military service [prevalence ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.96; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.15\u20133.35] and were also more likely to seroconvert (incidence rate ratio 3.55; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.19\u201312.7). Women who deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom were more likely to be seropositive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.17; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.03\u20139.71). Veterinarians with field service and pathology specialties had the highest incidence rates (7.0\/1000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PY<\/jats:styled-content>; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 4\u201312 and 3\u201319, respectively). This is the first report documenting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> military veterinarians' exposure to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0burnetii<\/jats:italic>. Military veterinarians are at risk prior to service, with moderate number of new cases developing during service and most maintaining titres for long periods of time. Women consistently demonstrated higher seroprevalence and incidence levels. As increasing numbers of women enter the veterinary profession and subsequently the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> Army, this may warrant close monitoring. This study likely underestimates exposure and risk and does not address chronic health effects, which may be valuable to explore in future health studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T10:37:10Z","timestamp":1374057430000},"page":"271-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serosurvey and Observational Study of <scp>US<\/scp> Army Veterinary Corps Officers for Q Fever Antibodies from 1989 to 2008"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"K. G.","family":"Vest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals","author":"Acha P. N.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"AVMA. 2008:Market Research Statistics \u2010 U.S. veterinarians."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0357-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Veterinary market Study executive summary: the current and future market for veterinarians and veterinary medical services in the United States","volume":"215","author":"Brown J. P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003\u20132004: Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies, Surplus Specimen Laboratory Component: Antibody to Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)","author":"CDC","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00819.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4586287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.4919-4924.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.4.489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Focus_Diagnostics. 2007:Package Insert Product Code IF0200G: Q Fever IFA IgG: Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for the detection of human IgG antibodies to Coxiella burnetii."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.070218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60733-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744901000084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-91-3-400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15303660260613747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.1.0750036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.41.3.1089-1098.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.3.193","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"6","author":"Reimer L. G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.12.1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"SAS\/GRAPH 9.1.3 Statistical Software","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/014107687807101011","article-title":"Military significance of Q fever: a review","volume":"71","author":"Spicer A. J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 11","author":"StataCorp","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare","author":"Waag D. M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596705"}],"container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fzph.12067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12067","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/zph.12067","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/zph.12067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T10:24:32Z","timestamp":1695983072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/zph.12067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/zph.12067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12067","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1959","1863-2378"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1959","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-2378","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]]}}}