{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T07:01:28Z","timestamp":1760079688305},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoonoses and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pens of cattle with high <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157) prevalence at harvest may present a greater risk to food safety than pens of lower prevalence. Vaccination of live cattle against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 has been proposed as an approach to reduce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 prevalence in live cattle. Our objective was to create a stochastic simulation model to evaluate the effectiveness of pre\u2010harvest interventions. We used the model to compare <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 prevalence distributions for summer\u2010 and winter\u2010fed cattle to summer\u2010fed cattle immunized with a type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> secreted protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTSP<\/jats:styled-content>) vaccine. Model inputs were an estimate of vaccine efficacy, observed frequency distributions for number of animals within a pen, and pen\u2010level faecal shedding prevalence for summer and winter. Uncertainty about vaccine efficacy was simulated using a log\u2010normal distribution (mean\u00a0=\u00a058%, SE\u00a0=\u00a00.14). Model outputs were distributions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 faecal pen prevalence of summer\u2010fed cattle unvaccinated and vaccinated, and winter\u2010fed cattle unvaccinated. The simulation was performed 5000 times. Summer faecal prevalence ranged from 0% to 80% (average\u00a0=\u00a030%). Thirty\u2010six per cent of summer\u2010fed pens had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 prevalence &gt;40%. Winter faecal prevalence ranged from 0% to 60% (average\u00a0=\u00a010%). Seven per cent of winter\u2010fed pens had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 prevalence &gt;40%. Faecal prevalence for summer\u2010fed pens vaccinated with a 58% efficacious vaccine product ranged from 0% to 52% (average\u00a0=\u00a013%). Less than one per cent of vaccinated pens had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 prevalence &gt;40%. In this simulation, vaccination mitigated the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STEC<\/jats:styled-content> O157 faecal shedding to levels comparable to winter, with the major effects being reduced average shedding prevalence, reduced variability in prevalence distribution, and a reduction in the occurrence of the highest prevalence pens. Food safety decision\u2010makers may find this modelling approach useful for evaluating the value of pre\u2010harvest interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T10:42:21Z","timestamp":1373020941000},"page":"283-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Stochastic Simulation Model Comparing Distributions of <scp>STEC<\/scp> O157 Faecal Shedding Prevalence Between Cattle Vaccinated With Type <scp>III<\/scp> Secreted Protein Vaccines and Non\u2010Vaccinated Cattle"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"A. R.","family":"Vogstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln NE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Moxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln NE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. E.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln NE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"Klopfenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln NE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln Lincoln NE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-67.4.658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.2.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00081-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4526(10)60004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897007826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01742-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.05.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-10-516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-60.5.462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00032-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503776103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470752616.ch15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2007.01059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"133","volume-title":"On Farm Strategies to Control Foodborne Pathogens","author":"Smith D. 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